Origins, insertions, actions_IA

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action	Description	Innervation
Abdominals - External Obliques	external surface of lower 8 ribs	External lip of iliac crest	Bilateral: Flexes spine	Most superficial abdominal muscle. Fibers run downwards and towards the mid-line	thoracoabdominal ns. & subcostal n.
Abdominals - Internal Obliques	Lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia - posterior	(blank)	(blank)	Second level of the lateral aspect of the abdomen. Fibers run upward & towards the mid-line	(blank)
Abdominals - External Obliques	Lower 8 ribs	Anterior iliac crest & abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba	Bilateral: Flexes spine	Most superficial abdominal muscle. Fibers run downwards and towards the mid-line	8 - 12th Intercostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal
Abdominals - Internal Obliques	iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia , fascia iliaca	Cartilage of lower 3 ribs & costal margins; down to pubis	Bilateral: Flexes spine	Second level of the lateral aspect of the abdomen. Fibers run upward & towards the mid-line	lower 2-3 thoracoabdominal ns. & subcostal n
Abdominals - Rectus Abdominus	xyphoid process & costal cartilages 5-7	pubis crest & symphysis	Flexes the spine, assists in stabilizing the pelvis	Superficial level of abdomen	thoracoabdominal ns & subcostal n
Abdominals - Transversus Abdominus	fascia iliaca, iliac crest (internal lip), thoracolumbar fascia, cartilage of lower 6 ribs	aponeurosis that contributes to rectus sheath	Compress the abdomen	Deepest abdominal, surrounds the abdomen. Fibers run transversely from back to the mid-line	thoracoabdominal ns, & subsostal n.
Abductor Digiti Minimi - Foot		Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 5th toe	Abducts the 5th (baby) toe	(blank)	Lateral plantar
Abductor Digiti Minimi - Hand	Pisiform, tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris	Media side of the base of phalanx of the 5th digit	Abduct the 5th (pinky) digit	Makes up the hypothenar eminence, superficial FDMB & ODM	Ulnar nerve, C8, T1
Abductor Hallucis		Medial base of proximal phalanx of the great toe	Abducts the great toe	(blank)	Medial plantar n
Abductor Pollicis Brevis	Tubercle of scaphoid & trapezium & flexor retinaculum	Base of the proximal phalange of the thumb	Abducts the thumb & moves it anteriorly	(blank)	Median nerve C6, C7
Abductor Pollicis Longus	Lateral border of ulna (just above extensor pollicis longus), interosseous membrane, posterior shaft of radius	Posterior base of 1st metacarpal (proximal)	Abducts and extends the thumb, laterally rotates thumb. Radial deviation of wrist	Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm	Radial nerve C6, C7
Adductor Brevis	body & inferior ramus of pubis	pectineal line & proximal part of linea aspera of femur	Adduction of thigh; assists w/ flexion of thigh	Second level lying beneath the pectineus and adductor longus	Obturator n (anterior branch) L2,L3, L4
Adductor Hallucis	Transverse head: Plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments of 3, 4, 5th toes and transverse ligaments	Lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe	Adducts the great toe	(blank)	Lateral plantar S1, S2
Adductor Longus	body of pubis inferior to pubic crest	Medial third of the linea aspera	Adduction of thigh	Superficial level, same plane as pectineus	Obturator (anterior branch) L2,L3, L4
Adductor Magnus	adductor portion: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium. Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity	Add. portion: gluteal tuberosity, lineas aspera, medial supracondylar line. Ham. portion: adductor tubercle of femur	Add. portion: adducts thigh, flexes thigh. Ham. portion: adducts thigh, extends thigh	adductor hiatus transmits femoral A&V from adductor canal to popliteal fossa	Add portion: posterior branch obturator n (L2,3,4). Ham portion: tibial portion of Sciatic n (L4)
Adductor Pollicis	Oblique head: Anterior surface of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals, capitate & trapezoid	Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb	Adducts thumb	(blank)	Ulnar nerve, C8, T1
Anconeus	Lateral epicondyle of the humerus	Lateral part of olecranon process, posterior surface of ulna	Extends forearm	(blank)	Radial C7, C8
Auricularis	Anterior & Superior: Fascia in temporal region	Anterior: Anterior to helix of the ear	Anterior: Draws ears forward	(blank)	Anterior & Superior: Facial nerve, temporal branch
Biceps Brachii-Long Head	Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula	Tuberosity of the radius, bicipital aponeurosis into the deep fascia of the medial forearm	Flexion of shoulder, Flexion and Supination of Forearm	(blank)	Musculocutaneous C5, C6
Biceps Brachii-Short Head	Coracoid process of the scapula	Tuberosity of the radius, bicipital aponeurosis into the deep fascia of the medial forearm	Flexion of shoulder, Flexion and Supination of Forearm	(blank)	Musculocutaneous C5, C6
Biceps Femoris-Long Head	Ischial tuberosity	Lateral head of the fibula	Knee flexion & laterally rotate leg; Long head assists with hip extension	Superficial on the lateral & posterior aspect of the thigh	Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
Biceps Femoris-Short Head	Linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line of femur	Lateral side of the fibula	Knee flexion & laterally rotate leg	Superficial on the lateral & posterior aspect of the thigh	Sciatic nerve, common peroneal (L5, S1, S2)
Brachialis	Anterior, lower ½ of humerus. Deep to the biceps brachii	Ulna tuberosity, coronoid process (the smaller beak-like projection arising from the anterior aspect of the ulna, just below the olecranon process)	Flexion of the forearm	Second level of the front of the humerus	Musculocutaneous C5, C6
Brachioradialis	Upper 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus	Styloid process on the lateral radius at the distal end of the radius	Flexion of the forearm	Superficial level of the lateral side of the forearm. AKA "drinking muscle"	Radial C5, C6
Buccinator	Outer surfaces of alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible over the molars and along the pterygomandibular raphe	Deep part of the muscles of the lips	Compresses the cheek	(blank)	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Coracobrachialis	Apex of coracoid process	Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus	Aduction, some Flexion of shoulder	Second level of the shoulder/upper arm	Musculocutaneous C6, C7
Corrugator Supercilii	Medial end of the supercillary arch	Deep surface of the skin under the medial portion of the eyebrow	Draws eyebrows down & medial	(blank)	Facial nerve, temporal branch
Deltoid-Anterior	Lateral 1/3 of clavicle	Deltoid tuberosity of humerus	Flexion, Medial (Internal) rotation, Abduction of shoulder	Superfiscial layer of anterior forearm	Axillary C5, C6
Deltoid-Middle	Lateral acromion process	Deltoid tuberosity of humerus	Abduction from 15 - 90 degrees	Superficial level of the shoulder	Axillary C5, C6
Deltoid-Posterior	Spine of scapula	Deltoid tuberosity of humerus	Extention, Lateral (external) rotation, Aduction of shoulder	Superficial level of the shoulder	Axillary C5, C6
Depressor Anguli Oris	Oblique line of the mandible	Angle of the mouth	Depresses the angle of the mouth (frowning)	Lateral to Depressor Labii Inferioris	Facial nerve, mandibular branch
Depressor Labii Inferioris	Mandible between the symphysis & the mental foramen	Skin of lower lip	Draws the lower lip down and lateral	Medial to Depressor Anguli Oris	Facial nerve, mandibular branch
Depressor Septi	Incisive fossa of the maxilla	Nasal septum & ala	Constrict nares	(blank)	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Diaphragm	Sternal division: Posterior xiphoid process; costal division-inner surfaces of lower 6 costal cartilages & lower 4 ribs; lumbar-bodies of upper lumbar vertebrae via medial and lateral arcuate ligs.	Central tendon (no bony attachments)	Draws the central tendon down during inspiration, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. Also assists in returning blood to the heart	most impt m of respiration	Pherenic nerve (C3,4,5)
Digastricus	Posterior belly: Mastoid notch of the temporal bone	Intermediate tendon attached to the hyoid bone	Raises the hyoid bone, assists in opening the jaw, moves the hyoid bone forward & backward (swallowing)	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles	Posterior portion: Facial nerve
Dorsal Interossei - Foot	Adjacent sides of metatarsal bones	Bases of proximal phalanges	Abducts toes, flexes proximal phalanges	(blank)	Lateral plantar S1, S2
Dorsal Interossei - Hand	(blank)	(blank)	Abducts fingers away from center of third finger at metacarpophalangeal joints, assist in flexion of fingers	(blank)	Ulnar nerve C8, T1
Epicranius	Occipital belly: Lateral 2/3 of superior nuchal line of the occiput, mastoid process, Frontal belly: Galea aponeurotica	Occipital belly: Galea aponeurotica, Frontal belly: Fascia of the facial muscles & skin above the nose & eyes	Draws back scalp, wrinkles forehead & raises eyebrows	AKA: Occipital frontal	Occipital belly: Facial nerve - posterior auricular branch, Frontal belly: Facial nerve - temporal branch
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis	Lateral epicondyle of humerus	Base of 3rd metacarpal	Extends hand	Superficial level of the posterior forearm	Radial nerve, C6, C7
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus	Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus. Just above the lateral epicondyle of humerus	Base of the 2nd metacarpal	Extends hand, radial deviation	Superficial level of the posterior forearm	Radial nerve, C6, C7
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris	Lateral epicondyle of humerus via CET	Base of the 5th metacarpal	Extends hand, ulnar deviation	Superficial level of the dorsal aspect of the forearm	Radial nerve, C6-C8
Extensor Digiti Minimi	Lateral epicondyle of humerus via CET	Base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth digit	Extends pinky finger	Superficial level of posterior forearm. AKA "The Tea Cup Finger"	Radial nerve, C6-C8
Extensor Digitorum	Lateral epicondyle of humerus via Common Extensor Tendon (CET)	Base of distal phalanges of the four fingers (last joint in distal finger)	Extends fingers and wrist	Superficial level of posterior forearm	Radial nerve, deep branch C6-C8
Extensor Digitorum Brevis	floor of sinus tarsi and external retinaculum	divides to lateral 4 toes	Extends the four lessor toes	(blank)	Deep peroneal L5, S1
Extensor Digitorum Longus	lateral condyle tibia, superior 3/4 of medial surface of the fibula, interosseous membrane	middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes	Extends lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexion of ankle, weak eversion of foot	Lower leg - anterior. Superficial, just lateral to extensor hallicus longus	Deep peroneal (L5, S1)
Extensor Hallicus Longus	Middle part of anterior surface of fibula & interosseous membrane	dorsal aspect of base of the distal phalanx of the great toe	Extends great toe, dorsiflexion of ankle, invertor of foot	Lower leg - anterior. Second level just lateral to tibialis anterior	deep peroneal n (L5,S1)
(blank)	Posterior Ulna, interosseous membrane	Extensor expansion of the posterior surface of the index finger	Extends index finger	Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm	Radial nerve, C6-C8
Extensor Pollicis Brevis	Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of radius	Base of proximal phalanx tissue of thumb	Extends thumb, radial deviation	Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm	Radial nerve, C6, C7
Extensor Pollicis Longus	Middle 1/3 of dorsolateral surface of ulna (posterior), interosseous membrane	Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb	Extends the thumb	Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of forearm	Radial nerve, C6-C8
Flexor Carpi Radialis	Medial epicondyle of humerus via CFT	Base of 2 & 3 metacarpals (index & middle finger)	Flexion of hand, abduction/radial deviation at wrist joint	Superficial level of anterior forearm. Crossing from the medial to lateral side	Median nerve C6, C7
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris	Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon (CFT), Ulnar head: Olecranon process	Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of fifth metacarpal	Flexion of the hand, adduction/ulnar deviation at wrist joint	Superficial layer of anterior forearm. Medial to palmaris longus.	Ulnar nerve C8, T1
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - Foot	Base of the 5th metatarsal & sheath of peroneus longus tendon	Lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe	Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th toe	(blank)	Lateral plantar S1, S2
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis - Hand	Anterior surface of flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate	Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th digit	Flexes 5th digit @ the metacarpophalangeal joint	Makes up the hypothenar eminence, middle layer	Ulnar nerve, C8, T1
Flexor Digitorum Brevis		Sides of middle phalanges of digits 1-4	Flexes middle phalanges	(blank)	Medial plantar n
Flexor Digitorum Longus	Medial part of the posterior surface of the tibia, inferior to soleal line	Base of the distal phalanges of the four lessor toes	Flexes the four lessor toes, assists in plantar flexion & inversion; Supports long arch of foot	Lower leg - posterior. Deep on posteromedial aspect of the calf, lateral to the tibialis posterior. Tendon travels around the calcaneous on the medial side	Tibial nerve (S2,S3)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus	Upper 3/4 anterior & medial shaft of ulna, medial coronoid process, interosseous membrane (connective tissue b/t the radius and ulna) Upper 3/4 anterior & medial shaft of ulna, medial coronoid process, interosseous membrane (connective tissue b/t the radi	Base of the distal phalanges. Digits 2-5	Flexes 4 medial fingers, distal phalanges.	Deep layer of anterior forearm	Medial 1/2: Ulnar nerve
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis	Humeroulnar head: Medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon (CFT), Radial head: Anterior shaft of radius	Medial and lateral sides of middle phalanges. Digits 2-5	Flexion of middle phalanges	Intermediate/second level of anterior forearm	Median nerve C7, C8, T1
Flexor Hallicus Longus	Lower 2/3 posterior surface of fibula, inferior part of interosseous membrane	Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe	Flexes great toe, plantar flexion and inversion of foot. support medial long arch	Lower leg - posterior. Powerful push-off m during walking. Travels around the calcaneous on the medial side	Tibial nerve (S2,S3)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis	Cuboid, lateral cuneiform	Medial head: Medial base of proximal phalanx of great toe, Lateral head: Lateral base of proximal phalanx of great toe	Flexes proximal phalanx of great toe	(blank)	Medial plantar L4, L5, S1
Flexor Pollicis Brevis	Flexor retinaculum, trapezium, 1st metacarpal	Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb	Flexes the metacarpophalengeal joint, assists in abduction & rotation of thumb	Makes up the thenar eminence,	Lateral head: Median nerve C6, C7 Medial head: Ulnar nerve C8, T1
Flexor Pollicis Longus	Medial epicondyle of humerus, interosseous membraine, mid anterior shaft of radius	Base of distal phalanx of thumb	Flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb	Deep layer of anterior forearm	Median nerve, Anterior Interosseous branch C8, T1
Gastrocnemius	Lateral head: lateral condyle of the femur; Medial head: Popliteal surface of the femur ABOVE the medial condyle of the femur	Inserts into the posterior surface of calcaneous via calcaneol tendon AKA achilles tendon	Plantar flexion, knee flexion; inversion of foot	Lower leg - posterior. Superficial of the calf	Tibial nerve S1, S2
Gemellus - Inferior	ischial tuberosity	Common with tendon of obturator internus to medial surface of greater trochanter	Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies femur	Just inferior to superior gemellus	inferior n. to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5, S1)
Gemellus - Superior	Ischial spine	Common with tendon of obturator internus to medial surface of greater trochanter	Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies femur	(blank)	superior n to OI & superior gemellus (L5, S1)
Geniohyoid	Inferior mental spine on the interior surface of the mandible	Body of the hyoid bone	Protrudes the hyoid bone & tongue	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles	Branch of C1, through hypoglossal nerve
Gluteus Maximus	Outer surface of the ilium, posterior sacrum & coccyx, subtuberous ligament	Iliotibial band (ITB), some fibers to gluteal tuberosity of femur	Hip extension, assists in lateral rotation; ext of trunk when LE are fixed	Superficial covering of the posterior aspect of the hip joint	Inferior gluteal L5, S1, S2 ventral rami
Gluteus Medius	Outer surface of ilium b/w anterior & posterior gluteal lines	Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur	Abduction & medially rotates thigh	Intermediate, more lateral than gluteus maximus. Mostly covered by gluteus maximus - Test using "Stork Test"	Superior gluteal L5, S1
Gluteus Minimus	Outer surface of ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal lines	Anterior surface of greater trochanter	Abducts & medially rotates thigh	Deep, more lateral than gluteus maximus. Covered by gluteus maximus and medius	Superior gluteal n. L5, S1
Gracilis	Body & inferior ramus of pubis	superior medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)	adducts thigh; flexes leg; assists with medial rotation of leg	Adductor - on superficial level on the medial aspect of the thigh	Obturator (anterior branch) L2,L3
Iliacus	Upper 2/3 of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, AIIS & adjacent ligaments	Tendon of psoas major to Lessor trochanter of the femur	Hip flexion	Deepest level of the anterior pelvis. Commonly called the Iliopsoas muscle	Femoral (L2, L3)
Iliocostalis Cervicis	Angles of the ribs	TVP C4-C6	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Iliocostalis Thoracis	Angles of lower 6 ribs	Angles of upper 6 ribs & TVP of C7	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion	Medial to iliocostalis lumborum	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Infraspinatus	Infraspinous fossa of the scapula	Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.	Lateral rotation of humerus, stabilization	Second level of Upper back	Suprascapular C5, C6
Intercostales Externi	Inferior border of upper 11 ribs	Superior border of rib below	Draws ribs UP, increasing thoracic volume	Muscles of inspiration. Fibers run obliquely downward toward the costal cartilage	Intercostals
Intercostales Interni	From the cartilage to the angles of the upper 11 ribs	Superior border of the rib below	Draws ribs DOWN, decreasing thoracic volume	Muscles of expiration. Fibers run obliquely upward toward the costal cartilage	Intercostals
Interspinalis	Spinous process of C3-C7, T2-T12, L2-L5	Spinous process of vertebrae above	Extension of spine	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Latissimus Dorsi	Through the Thoracolumbar fascia (T7-T12, L1-L5, S1-S5), Iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs	Floor of the Bicipital groove of the humerus	Extension, adduction & medial rotation of the humerus	Superficial level of lower back	Thoracodorsal C6-C8
Levator Anguli Oris	Canine fossa of maxilla	Angle of the mouth	Elevates the corner (angle) of the mouth	Deep to Levator Labii Superioris	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Levator Labii Superioris	Angular head: Frontal process of the maxilla & zygomatic bone Infraorbital head: Lower margin of the orbit	Angular head: Greater alar cartilage & skin of nose & upper lip Infraorbital head: Muscle of upper lip	Angular head dilates the nares & both heads elevate the upper lip	2 heads - Angular, Infraorbital	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Levator Palpebrae Superioris	Inferior surface of the lessor wing of the sphenoid bone	Skin of the upper eyelid	Superior movement of upper eyelid	(blank)	Oculomotor nerve
Levator Scapula	Tranverse processes C1-C4	Medial border of the scapula. Superior the spine & Inferior the superior angle of the scapula	Elevates the scapula. Downward rotation (acromion process goes down)	Second level of the upper back	Dorsal Scapular C5
Longissimus Capitus	TVP T1-T5, articular processes of C5-C7	Posterior portion of mastoid process	Bilateral: extension of head Unilateral: rotation of head	(blank)	Middle & lower cervical nerves, dorsal primary division
Longissimus Cervicis	TVP T1-T5	TVP C2-C6	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Longissimus Thoracis	Medial & lateral sacral crests, spinous processes & supraspinal ligaments of T11-L5 & medial part of iliac crest	TVP of T1-T12, between tubercles, angles of lower 9-10 ribs	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: lateral flexion	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Longus Capitis	TVP of C3 - C6	Occiput bone anterior to the foramen magnum	Flexes head	Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebra Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck	C1 - C3
Longus Colli	Superior Oblique part: TVP C3-C5 Inferior Oblique part: Bodies of T1-T3 Vertical part: Anterior bodies of C5-T3	Superior Oblique part: Anterior arch of atlas Inferior Oblique part: TVP C5 & C6 Vertical part: Anterior surface of C2 - C4	All three parts flex the cervical vertebrae	Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebrae, Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck Superior oblique part: TVP's to the Atlas Inferior oblique part: Bodies to TVP's above Vertical part: Bodies to bodies above	C2 - C7
Lumbricales - Foot	Tendon of flexor digitorum longus	Dorsal surfaces of proximal phalanges	Flexes proximal phalanges of 4 lessor toes	(blank)	1st - medial plantar L4, L5 2nd-5th - lateral plantar
Lumbricals - Hand	Tendons of flexor digitorum palmaris in the palm	Lateral side of extensor digitorum on the fingers	Extends the fingers & the interphalangeal joint	Four muscles	1st - medial plantar n; lateral 3 - lateral plantar n
Masseter	Zygomatic process of maxilla, medial & inferior surfaces of zygomatic arch	Angle & ramus of the mandible, lateral surface of coronoid process of the mandible	Closes lower jaw & clenches teeth	(blank)	Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division
Mentalis	Incisive fossa of the mandible	Skin of the chin	Raises & protrudes the lower lip & wrinkles the skin of the chin.	John Travolta chin	Facial nerve, mandibular branch
Multifids	Sacral Spine - along the sacral foramina up to the PSIS Lumbar Spine - mamillary process Thoracic Spine - TVP's Cervical Spine - articular processes of C4-C7	Spinous process 2 to 4 vertebrae above	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: contralateral rotation of spine	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Mylohyoid	Inside surface of the mandible from the symphysis to the molars, mylohyoid line	Hyoid bone	Elevates the hyoid, raises the floor of the mouth & tongue	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles	Trigeminal nerve, mandibular division
Nasalis	Transverse part: Middle of the maxilla Alar part: Greater alar cartilage, skin on nose	Transverse part: Muscle of opposite side over the bridge of the nose Alar part: Skin on the point of the nose Alar part: Skin on the point of the nose	Maintain the opening of the external nares during forceful inspiration	2 parts - transverse & alar	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Obliquus Capitis Inferior	Spinous Process of C2 - Axis	TVP of C1 - Atlas	Ipsilateral rotation - affects only C1 & C2	(blank)	Suboccipital nerve
Obliquus Capitis Superior	TVP of C1 - Atlas	Occiput between inferior & superior nuchal lines	Extends head & ipsilateral lateral flexion	(blank)	Suboccipital nerve
Obturator Externus	margins of obturator foramen & obturator membrane	Trochanteric fossa of femur	Lateral rotation of thigh; steadies head of femur	(blank)	Obturator nerve (posterior division) L3, L4
Obturator Internus	Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones	Common tendon with superior & inferior gamelli to medial surface of greater trochanter of femur	Lateral rotation of extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies the femoral head	Obturator internus, superior & inferior gemellus form a common tendon to insert into the upper border of the greater trochanter of the femur	n. to oburator internus & superior gemellus (L5, S1)
Omohyoid	Superior border of the scapula, just medial to the suprascapular notch	Inferior: Bound to the clavicle by the central tendon Superior:Continues to the body of the hyoid bone	Depresses hyoid	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles	Ansa cervicalis, C2-C3
Opponens Digiti Minimi	Anterior surface of flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate	Entire length of the medial border of the 5th	metacarpalRotates & draws 5th metacarpal forward & assists in flexion of carpometacarpal joint (wrist)	(blank)	Ulnar nerve C8, T1
Opponens Pollicis	Flexor retinaculum, tubercle of the trapezium	Lateral border of 1st metacarpal	Rotates the thumb into opposition with fingers	Makes up the thenar eminence, deep to abductor pollicis	Median nerve C6, C7
Orbicularis Oculi	Orbital part: Frontal bone, maxilla Palpebral part: Medial palpebral ligament Lacrimal part: Lacrimal bone	Orbital part: Continues around the orbit back to the origin Palpebral part: Lateral palpebral ligament into the zygomatic bone Lacrimal part: Lateral palpebral raphe	Orbital - strong eye closure Palpebral (eyelid) - gentle eye closure Lacrimal - draws lacrimal canal onto eye surface	3 parts	Facial nerve, temporal & zygomatic branch
Orbicularis Oris	Lateral band: Alveolar border of the maxilla Medial band: Septum of the nose Inferior portion: Lateral to the midline of the mandible	Becomes continuous with other muscles at the angle of the mouth into itself	Closure & protrusion of lips	3 parts - Lateral band, Medial band, Inferior portion	Facial nerve, buccal & mandibular branch
Palmar Interossei	(blank)	(blank)	Adduct fingers toward center of third finger at metacarpophalangeal joints, assists in flexion of fingers	(blank)	Ulnar nerve C8, T1
Palmaris Brevis	Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis	Skin of the palm	Corrugates the skin under the palm	(blank)	Ulnar nerve, C8
Palmaris Longus	Medial epicondyle of humerus via CFT	Palmar aponeurosis	Flexes the hand	Superficial level of anterior forearm.	Median nerve C6, C7
Pectineus	superior ramus of the pubis	pectineal line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter	adducts & flexes thigh; assists with medial rotation of thigh	Second level of the anterior art of the proximal & medial aspect of the thigh	Femoral n (L2, L3); may receive brand from obturator n.
Pectoralis Major	Medial ½ of clavicle, sternum (manubrium & sternal body), upper 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of the external oblique (abs)	Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus	Adduction, flexion, medial rotation of arm @ shoulder	Superficial level of Upper chest	Medial & lateral Pectoral nerves
Pectoralis Minor	Anterior surface of ribs 3, 4, 5	Corocoid process of scapula	Draws scapula down and forward	Deepest level in Upper chest. Deep to Pec major	Medial Pectoral nerve
Peroneus Brevis	Inferior 2/3 lateral surface of the fibula	dorsal suface of tuberosit on Lateral side of the 5th metatarsal	evertion of foot, weak Plantar flexor	Lower leg - lateral. Easily palpated	Superficial peroneal n (L5, S1, S2)
Peroneus Longus	the head & superior 2/3 lateral surface of the fibula	base of 1st metatarsal & medial cuneiform	Plantar flexes ankle & everts foot, depresses the base of the 1st metatarsal	more superficial than brevis	Superficial peroneal n ( L5, S1, S2)
Peroneus Tertius	Inferior 1/3 anterior surface of the fibula & interosseous membrane	Dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal	Doriflexion of ankle & assists in eversion of foot	Lower leg - anterior. Superficial, antereolateral surface of leg	deep peroneal n (L5, S1)
Piriformis	Anterior sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament	superior border of the greater trochanter	Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh; stedies femoral head in acetabulum	Runs behind the ilium	nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)
Plantar Interossei	Base and medial sides of 3, 4, 5 metatarsals	Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3 -5th toes	Adducts toes, flexes proximal phalanges	(blank)	Lateral plantar S1, S2
Plantaris	inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur & oblique popliteal ligament	posterior surface of calaneous via achilles tendon	weak assist of plantar flexion of ankle, knee flexion	Lower leg - posterior. Absent in 10% of people	Tibial nerve S1,S2
Platysma	Subcutaneous fascia of the upper 1/4 of the chest	Subcutaneous fascia & muscle of the chin, jaw & mandible	Depresses & draws lower lip laterally	(blank)	Facial nerve, cervical branch
Popliteus	Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur & lat meniscus	posterior surface of the tibia superior to soleal line	Weakly flexes knee; With foot free rotates knee medially. Unlocks the knee	Lower leg - posterior. Deep layer, very short muscle.	Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1
Procerus	Fascia over the nasal bone & lateral nasal cartilage	Skin between the eyebrows	Draws down the medial part of the eyebrows & wrinkles the nose	(blank)	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Pronator Quadratus	Anterior, distal shaft of Ulna	Distal antereolateral surface of radius	Pronation of forearm and hand	Deepest level of anterior forearm. Forms band across wrist. Origin on Ulna and the insertion is slightly more distal on the Radius	Median nerve, anterior interosseous branch C8, T1
Pronator Teres	Humeral head: Medial supracondylar ridge, medial epicondyle of the humerus Ulnar head: Coronoid process	Mid lateral surface of radius	Pronation, flexion of forearm	(blank)	Median nerve C6, C7
Psoas Major	sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and discs & transvers processes of all lumbar vertebrae	Lessor trochanter of the femur	Hip flexion, stabalizes hip jt with psoas minor & iliacus	Deepest level of the anterior lumbar spine. Commonly called the Iliopsoas muscle	L1,2,3 ventral rami
Pterygoid-Lateral	Superior head: lateral surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone Inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate	Condyle of the mandible & tempomandibular joint	Opens jaw , protrudes & moves mandible sideways	(blank)	Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division
Pterygoid-Medial	Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, palentine bone, tuberosity of maxilla	Medial surface of the ramus & angle of the mandible	Closes lower jaw & clenches teeth	Deep to masseter. Palpable from the inside	Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division
Quadratus Femoris	Lateral border of ischial tuberosity	Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and inferior to it	Lateral rotation of thigh; steadies the femoral head	(blank)	n to quadratus femoris & inferior gemellus (L5, S1)
Quadratus Lumborum	medial 1/2 of inferior border or rib 12; tips of lumbar transverse processes	iliolumbar lig & internal lip of iliac crest	fixes 12th rib during inspiration, Lateral flexion, raises one hip, bilateral assists in lumbar ext	(blank)	ventral rami T12, L1-4
Quadratus Plantae	Medial head: Medial calcaneus Lateral head: Lateral border of the inferior calcaneous	Lateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum	Flexes distal phalanx of 4 lessor toes	(blank)	Lateral plantar S1, S2
Rectus Capitus Anterior	Anterior base of TVP of the Atlas	Occipital bone anterior to Foramen Magnum	Flexes head	Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebra	C2, C3
Rectus Capitus Lateralis	TVP of the atlas	Jugular process of the occipital bone	Bends head laterally	Deep cervical spine - anterior surface of vertebra	C2, C3
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major	C2 -Axis	Lateral portion of inferior nuchal line	Extends head & ipsilateral rotation	(blank)	Suboccipital nerve
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor	Posterior arch of C1 - Atlas	Medial portion of the inferior nuchal line	Extends head	(blank)	Suboccipital nerve
Rectus Femoris	AIIS & ilium superior to acetabulum	base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	Extends leg at knee joint & flexes thigh at hip; steadies hip joint	Below sartorius, most superficial quadracep in the middle of the anterior thigh	Femoral L2, L3, L4
Rhomboid Major	Spinous processes of T2-T5	Medial edge of the scapula. Inferior spine of the scapula	Retraction, downward rotation of the scapula (elevation of medial border)	Second level of the upper back	Dorsal Scapular C5
Rhomboid Minor	Spinous processes of C7-T1	Root of the spine of the scapula. Superior rhomboideus major	Retraction, downward rotation of the scapula (elevation of medial border)	Second level of the upper back	Dorsal Scapular C5
Risorius	Fascia over the masseter	Skin at the angle of the mouth	Retracts the angle of the mouth (grinning)	(blank)	Facial nerve, mandibular branch
Rotators	TVP of each vertebrae	Spinous process of vertebrae	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: contralateral rotation of spine	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Sartorius	ASIS & supreior part of notch inferior to it	superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (cover tendons of gracilis & semitendinosus: pes anserinus)	Flexes, abducts & laterally rotates femur at the thigh. flexes leg at knee joint	Longest muscle in the body. Superficial, crossing the anterior thigh from lateral to medial	Femoral L2, L3
Scalenes - Anterior	TVP C3 - C6	Inner border of first rib - the scalene tubercle	Unilateral: Ipsilateral lateral flexion & contralateral rotation. Raises 1st rib in inspiration, chest breathing Bilateral: Flexes neck	Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck	Ventral rami of cervical nerve C1 - C8
Scalenes - Middle	TVP C2 - C7	Upper surface of 1st rib	Unilateral: Ipsilateral flexion & contralateral rotation. Raises 1st rib in inspiration Bilateral: Flexes neck	Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck	Ventral rami of cervical nerve C1-C8
Scalenes - Posterior	TVP C5 - C7	Outer surface of 2nd rib	Bilateral - flexes neck Unilateral - ipsilateral flexion & contralateral rotation. Raises 2nd rib in inspiration	Forms Posterior Triangle of the neck	Ventral rami of the lower cervical nerves
Semimembranosus	Ischial tuberosity	Posterior part of the medial tibial condlye	extend thigh;Flexes knee; medially rotates leg at knee joint; extend trunk when feet planted	Deep to semitendinosus	Sciatic nerve, tibial division L5, S1, S2
Semispinalis Capitus	Ligmentum Nuchae-C7 and T1-3	occiptal bone and mastoid process o temporal bone	Bilateral: extension of the head Unilateral: rotation of the head	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Semispinalis Cervicis	TVP of T1-T6	Spinous processes of C2-C5	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: rotation	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Semispinalis Thoracis	TVP T6-T10	Spinous processes of C6-T4	Bilateral: extension Unilateral: rotation	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Semitendinosus	Ischial tuberosity	Medial surface of superior tibia (pes anserinus)	extend thigh; Flexes knee, medially rotates leg at knee joint; extend trunk when feet planted (reverse axn)	Superficial to semimembranosus, provides medial support	Sciatic nerve, tibial division L5, S1, S2
Serratus Anterior	Outer surface and anterior border of first 8 or 9 ribs	Anterior, medial border of scapula	Downward rotation, protraction and stabilization of scapula	Deepest level of lateral thorax and upper back	Long Thoracic nerve, C5-C7
Serratus Posterior Inferior	Sp. Pr. T11 - L3	Inferior border of lower 4 ribs	Pulls ribs down, resisting the force of the diaphram	Muscle of expiration	T9 - T12
Serratus Posterior Superior	Ligamentum nuchae, Sp. Pr. C7 - T3	Superior borders of ribs 2 - 5	Raises ribs during inspiration, increases thoracic volume	Muscle of inspiration	T1-T4
Soleus	Posterior aspect of head of fibula, sup 1/4 of post surface of fibula, and soleal line of tibia & medialborder of tibia	posterior surface of Calcaneous via the achilles tendon	Plantar flexion; inversion of foot	Lower leg - posterior. Second level of calf, immediately below the gastrocnemious	Tibial nerve S1, S2
Spinalis Cervicis	Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7	Spinous process of Axis (C2)	Extends cervical spine	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Spinalis Thoracis	Spinous process of T11-L2	Spinous processes of T1-T8	Extends thoracic spine	(blank)	Spinal nerves, dorsal primary division
Splenius Capitus	ligamentum nuchae, C7 and T1-3	occiptal bone and mastoid process of temporal bone	Bilateral: extend, hyperextend the head Unilateral: lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation	(blank)	Middle & lower cervical nerve, lateral branches of dorsal primary division
Splenius Cervicis	Spinous process of T3-T6	TVP C1-C3	Bilateral: extend, hyperextend the head Unilateral: lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation	(blank)	(blank)
Sternocleidomastoid	Sternal head: Manubrium of the sternum Clavicular head: Medial part of the clavicle	Mastoid process, lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line of the occiput	Unilateral : Ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation Bilateral: Flexes head & neck	(blank)	Accessory nerve (CNXI), spinal part C2, C3
Sternohyoid	Medial end of the clavicle & manubrium	Body of the hyoid bone	Depresses the hyoid bone	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles	Ansa cervicalis C1- C3 "U-shaped"
Sternothyroid	Dorsal surface of the manubrium	Lamina of the thyroid cartilage	Depresses thyroid cartilage	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles	Ansa cervicalis, C1-C3
Stylohyoid	Styloid process of the temporal bone	Hyoid bone	Draws the hyoid backwards & elevates the tongue	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Suprahyoid muscles	Facial nerve
Subclavius	1st rib	Inferior surface of medial clavicle	Depress the clavicle (very small movement)	(blank)	C5, C6
Subscapularis	Supscapular fossa	Lesser tubercle of humerus	Medial rotation of humerus, stabilization	Deepest level of upper back.	Upper & Lower Subscapular C5, C6
Supinator	Lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral ligament of elbow	Upper 1/3 of dorsolateral surface of radius	Supinates forearm	Deepest level of the dorsal aspect of the forearm, passes obliquely from lateral to medial	Radial nerve C6
Supraspinatus	Supraspinous fossa of the scapula	Superior part of the Greater Tubercle of humerus	Initiates Abduction (10-15 degrees). Stabilization.	Second level of Upper back. Forms part of SITS group	Suprascapular C5
Temporalis	Temporal fossa, consists of the frontal, temporal & parietal bones of skull	Coronoid process, anterior border of ramus of the mandible	Closes lower jaw & clenches teeth	(blank)	Trigeminal nerve – mandibular division
Temporoparietals	Fascia over the ear	Lateral border of the galea aponeurotica	Raises ears, tightens scalp	Deep to temporal fascia	Facial nerve - temporal branch
Tensor Fasciae Latae	ASIS & anterior part of iliac crest	Iliotibial band (ITB) to lateral tibial condyle	abducts, medially rotate, and flexes the thigh; support femur on tibia when standing, but no direct axn on leg; steady trunk on thigh	Superficial on the lateral thigh	Superior gluteal (L4, L5)
Teres Major	Lower 1/3 lateral border of scapula. Near the inferior angle	Medial lip of the bicipital groove	Medial rotation of humerus, Adduction, extension	Second level of Upper back	Lower Subscapular C5, C6
Teres Minor	Upper 2/3 lateral border of scapula	Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus. Just below the infraspinatus	Lateral rotation of humerus, stabilization	Second level of Upper back	Axillary C5
Thyrohyoid	Lamina of the thyroid cartilage	Greater cornu of the hyoid bone	Depresses the hyoid or raises the thyroid	Forms the Anterior Triangle of the neck - Infrahyoid muscles	C1 through the hypoglossal nerve
Tibialis Anterior	Lateral condyle of tibia, superior 1/2 of lateral surface of tibia & interosseous membrane	Medial & plantar surface of the 1st cuneiform (medial) & base of the 1st metatarsal	Doriflexion of ankle & weak invertor of foot	Lower leg - anterior. Most superficial, anteriolateral surface of the tibia	deep peroneal n (L4,5)
Tibialis Posterior	interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line, & post surface of fibula	Navicular tubercle, cuboid, all cuneiform bones, metatarsals 2-4 & sustentaculum tali (all of the tarsal bones execpt talus)	MAIN invertor of foot, Plantar flexion; resists collapse of arch	Lower leg - posterior. Deepest and between flexor hallicus longus and flexor digitorum longus. Tendon travels around the calcaneous on the medial side	Tibial nerveL4, L5
Trapezius	Base of skull; Superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7-T12	Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion process, spine of the scapula	Upper portion: elevation & rotation of scapula. Lower portion: depress scapula	Superficial level of the Upper back	Accessory C3, C4
Triceps Brachii - Lateral head	Upper ½ posterior shaft of humerus, above the radial groove	Olecranon process	Extends forearm	Superficial layer on the posterior arm	Radial C7, C8
Triceps Brachii - Long head	Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula	Olecranon process	Extends forearm, assists in adduction of shoulder if arm is abducted	Superficial layer on the posterior arm	Radial C7, C8
Triceps Brachii - Medial head	Lower ½ posterior shaft of humerus, below the radial groove	Olecranon process	Extends forearm	Superficial layer of the posterior arm	Radial C7, C8
Vastus Intermedius	Anterior & lateral surfaces of body of the femur	base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	Knee extension	Deep to biceps femoris, close to the anterior shaft of the femur	Femoral L2, L3, L4
Vastus Lateralis	greater trochanter and lateral lip of lineas aspera of femur	base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	Knee extension	Superficial on the lateral side of the thigh	Femoral L2, L3, L4
Vastus Medialis	Intertrochanteric line & medial lip of the linea aspera	base of patella via quadriceps tendon to Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon	Knee extension	Superficial on the medial side of the thigh	Femoral L2, L3, L4
Zygomaticus Major	Zygomatic bone	Angle of the mouth	Draws angle of mouth up & back (laughing)	Lateral to Zygomaticus Minor	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Zygomaticus Minor	Zygomatic bone	Upper lip lateral to levator labii superioris	Forms the nassolabial furrow	Medial to Zygomaticus Major	Facial nerve, buccal branch
Levator Ani (3 parts)	puborectalis, pubococcygues (main part), iliococcygeus	(blank)	supports pelvic viscera, resists thrusts of increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing, etc)	(blank)	perineal brances of S3, 4
psoas minor	sides of T12-L1 vertebrae an disc	pectineal line & iliopectineal eminence	acts with psoas major & iliacus to flex the thigh at the hip and stabilize the joint	tendon like	L1, L2 ventral rami
Extensor Hallicus Brevis	from floor of sinus tarsi, and external retinaculum	great toe	extends great toe	(blank)	deep peroneal n

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