Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Barry Patho I
Barry anesthesia patho wk1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What levels create an organism | chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system are the levels of an organism |
| 4 characteristics of life | ability to process energy(metabolism), capacity to grow/develop, capacity for reproduction, ability to sense and response to changes in the environment |
| What is the simplest living unit | the cell |
| What is a tissue | group of identical cells working towards a common goal (cells of common structure and function) |
| What are the 4 types of tissues | epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous |
| 7 Types of epithelial tissues | simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal(transitional), stratified columnar, psuedostratified columnar |
| Simple Squamous function/location | passive transport; lines body cavities, endothelium of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels, lung alveoli |
| Simple cuboidal function/location | secretion and absorption (active transport); lines ducts and tubules of organs, forms epithelium of ovary and seminiferous tubules |
| Simple columnar function/location | secretion and absorption (active transport); lining of digestive tract |
| Stratified squamous function/location | protection against friction, drying, mechanical insult; skin, lining of mouth, esophagus, anus, vagina |
| Stratified cuboidal (transitional) function/location | permits stretching, protective lining of ducts; lining of ducts of sweat glands, testes, tubules, lining of ureters and bladder |
| Stratified columnar function/location | lines ducts ; not common, lining of salivary gland ducts, pharynx, larynx |
| Pseudostratified columnar function/location | moves material via cilia; lining of trachea, bronchi, some of male and female urethra |
| 3 types of connective tissues | loose, dense, special |
| 3 types of loose connective tissues | recticular(holds shapes of organs & filters fluids; stroma of soft organs, marrow cavity), areolar (support/packing material; btwn functional units of organs), adipose (protection, energy, insulation; around all organs and in fat pads) |
| 2 types of dense connective tissues | regular(parallel arrangement/unidirectional strength; tendons & ligaments) , irregular (strength in all directions; fascia, organs, capules, septa, shealths |
| 4 types of special connective tissues | bone(hemopoisis; skeleton,marrow cavity),hyaline cartilage(articulation surface,protection;epiphysis of bones, fetal skeleton,tracheal rings), Elastic cart.(flexibility;epiglottis,external ear), fibrous cart.(strength;intervertebral discs,pubic symphysis) |
| 2 component of nervous tissue | neuron and neuroglia |
| Neuron function/location | transmit nervous pulses to other neurons and to target organs; withing the CNS and PNS |
| 3 types of Neuroglia | astrocytes (some control over circulation in nerous; attached to blood vessels in CNS tissue), oligodendrocytes (source of myelination; btwn neurons, wrapped around axons in PNS), microglia (phagocytosis within CNS; throughout CNS and cerebrospinal fluid) |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | smooth(visceral), cardiac, skeletal(striated) |
| Smooth(Visceral) muscle tissue function/location | involuntary innervation, cells contract and transmit impulses; walls of hollow tubular viscera, iris of eye, vessels |
| Cardiac muscle tissue function/location | involuntary innervations, capable of contraction w/o nervous stimulation, cells transmit impulses to adjacent cells; structure of the heart |
| Skeletal(striated) muscle tissue function/location | voluntary innervations, cells contract; attached to skeletal components |
| What is an organ | 2 or more tissues joined in a unit to serve a common function |
| What are the 2 types of tissues of the organ | parenchyma (main functional tissue), and stroma (supportive/structural framework) |
| What is an organ system | group of organs working together for one purpose |
| What is an organism | contiguous group of organs working together toward a common goal |
| What is homeostasis | maintaining ranges/balance by use of feedback |
| What are the 2 types of feedback | negative feedback-eliminates or reduces the original disturbance (ie insulin, glucagon) and positive feedback-increases the original disturbance(ie labor contractions stimulate the hypophysis to release oxytocin, blood coagulation) |
| Which type of feedback system is more likely to go out of control | positive feedback (ie hypercoagulation) |
| 2 main body cavities | ventral(anterior), dorsal(posterior) |
| Dorsal cavity is divided into what 2 cavities | Cranial(brain), vertebral (spinal cord) they are divided at the C1 level |
| The ventral cavity is divided into what 2 cavities | Thoracic, and Abdominal/pelvic cavity, separated at the level of the diaphram |
| The thoracic cavity is divided into what 3 cavities | mediastinum (superior & pericardial), pleural cavities (R&L) |
| The abdominal and pelvic cavity are dived at what level | the ileac spine |
| Visceral is what layer | the inner layer continuous with the organ |
| Parietal is what layer | the outer layer |
| The most basic functional unit of the body | The cell |
| Largest cell in the body | the Egg, ovum |
| Smallest cell in the body | the sperm cell |
| Cell membrane is | a phospolipid bilayer with fluidity |
| Cell membrane functions | Establish the limits of the cell (holds it together), controls passage of materials in and out (gated channels, impermeable to most water soluble molecules, cell-cell recognition, mobility(cilia, flagellum, vili), maintains electrical potentials |
| Nucleus functions | control center, storehouse of genetic information, replication of DNA, transcription into mRNA |
| Nucleus consists of | porous nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope), nucleoplasm, nucleolus (where rRNA is made and ribosomes are assembled, chromosomes (consists of genes) |
| Cytoplasm (cytosol) is | lies btwn the cell membrane and the nucleus, has cytoskeleton, is a colloidal suspension of water (80%), protein (15%), lipids (3%), carbohydrates (1%) and electrolytes |
| Mitocondria (power plant) decription/function | rod shaped, double membrane bound organelle packed with enzymes for electron transport chain, Site of krebs cycle and electron transport chain; cellular respiration(oxidation) to make ATP (glucose + o2 co2 + h2o + energy, ADP + P +energyATP, |
| Ribosome (protein factory) | consists of rRNA and protein; site of protein synthesis |
| Lysosomes (sucide bag) | contains enzymes (hydrolases) which breakdown carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids; digestion of foreign material and old cellular components |
| Centriole | microtubules involved in cellular division (mitosis), not in nerves or muscle cells |
| Endoplasmic recticulum | internal transport system , rough(ribosomes are attached) is responsible for synthesis of proteins componenet of cell organelles, smooth (no ribosomes) is responsible for synthesis of phosolipids, steroids and fatty acids |
| Golgi Body | packing and distribution center, stores and packages secretory products into secretory vesicles(which break off), formation of glycoproteins, lipoproteins and lysosomes |
| Components of DNA | pentose(deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base (cytosine, guanine, thymine, adenine), double stranded |
| Triplets of bases that specify amino acids | codons |
| Components of RNA | pentose(ribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base (cytosine, guanine, uracil, adenine), single stranded |
| RNA polymerase function | binds to a promoter site(beginning of a gene), then pulls the strands apart to allow for addition of complementary nucleotides, forming mRNA |
| mRNA function | leaves the nucleus and attaches to ribosomes were translation begins |
| Aminoacyl- tRNA synthetase function | attaches correct amino acid to the tRNA(which has the anticodon) |
| What are the two main phases of Mitosis | Interphase and Mitotic phase (M) |
| What are the 3 components of interphase | G1(growth), S (DNA is synthesized/replicated-chromatin), G2 (Growth/preparation for division) |
| What are the 4 phases of Mitosis | Prophase(chromosomes matched into 46 paired chromotids,nuclear mem.disappears,centrioles move to opposite sides),Metaphase(spindle fibers pull chromosomes to the center),Anaphase(chromosomes are split, pulling 46 chromosomes to each side), Telophase(nucle |
| What is Cytokinesis | Happens in Mitotic phase, NOT part of Mitosis; is the splitting of the cell creating two identical diploid cells |
Created by:
dupy6
Popular Nursing sets