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Mitosis and Miosis

9th grade p-ap biology

QuestionAnswer
From where do new cells arise? All cells are made from pre-existing cells
Why does the body constantly make new cells? New cells are produced for growth and to replace damaged or old cells
Is cell division the same in all cells? Differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Why must each new cell get a complete copy of the original cell's DNA The instructions for making cell parts are encoded in the DNA
Copying DNA is know as____? Replication
The original cell is called the ____ cell, while the two, new identical cells are called _________ cells Parent, and daughter
About how many chromosomes are in the body cell of eukaryotes? 10 to 50
How many chromosomes are in a human body cell? 46 chromosomes
What makes up each chromosome? single, tightly coiled DNA
Chromosomes can only be seen when a cell is _____ Not dividing
Uncoiled chromosomes are called? Chromatin
DNA tightly coils by wrapping around what kind of proteins? Histones
What are duplicated (doubled0 chromosomes called? Chromatids
What holds chromatids together? Centromere
Karyotype? Is a map of where each chromosome is
Where are autosomes found on a karyotype? 1-22
Where are the sex chromosomes found on a karyotype? End Last one
What is the genotype for males? XY
For female? XX
The prescence of which chromosome determines the sex of the child? Y chromosome determines if the sex of the child is a boy or a girl
What is asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction includes a single cell dividing to make 2 new, identical daughter cells
Give 2 examples of asexual reproduction... Mitosis growing and repairing dead cells and binary fission in prokaryotes
What is sexual reproduction and give an example? meiosis and fertilization involves two cells (egg and sperm) to make a new cell (zygote) not identical though
Which process produces identical new cells? Mitosis
Name the 5 phases of the cell cycle Primary growth phase G, synthesis, secondary growth phase, Mitosis, cytokinesis
Which phase has 4 stages and name them? Mitosis, prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Describe what occurs in the G1 stage of interphase 1st growth stage after cell division, Cell carries on its normal activities, Cells mature by making more cytoplasm and organelles
When is DNA copied? DNA is copied or replicated in synthesis
How do the new copies of DNA compare to the original DNA? They are identical
What does a cell make during the G2 stage right before mitosis Make both organelles and proteins
Name a structure needed for cell division that is made during the G2 stage. In what type of cell is this organelle found? Centrioles(all cell structures needed for division are made)
Can the nucleus and nucleolus be seen during interphase? YES
What part of a cell actually divides during mitosis? the nucleus
Give another name for mitosis Karyokinesis
Name a type of cell that doesn't undergo mitosis prokaryotes
Name, in order, the four stages of mitosis. 1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase
Name 2 things that happen to a cell during Early Prophase. a. Chromatin in nucleus condenses to form visible chromosomes b. Mitotic Spindle forms form fibers in cytoskeleton or centrioles
What happens to the nucleus and nucleolus during prophase? Nuclear Membrane and nucleolus are broken down
Why do chromosomes become visible during prophase? continue condensing and are clearly visible
What are kinetochores? Spindle fibers attache to the centromere of each chromosome
Where do kinetochore fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome Centromere
What finishes forming by the end of Late Prophase? Spindle finishes forming between poles of the cell
From what does the spindle form in plants? microtubles
From what does the spindle form in animals? Centrioles
What are polar fibers? Do they attach to chromosomes? Polar fibers extend from one pole of the cell to the opposite pole
Where are the poles of a cell? the equator of a cell? On the sides....lined up
What happens to chromosomes during metaphase? All chromosomes line up on the equator
During metaphase, where do chromosomes line up and what moves them there? Equator, kinetorchore fibers
Which mitotic phase occurs rapidly? Anaphase
What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase Pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fibers
What pulls sister chromatids apart during anaphase? Spindle fiber
Where are chromatids located during telophase Opposite poles
What disassembles in telophase? Spindle
What reforms around each set of sister chromatids during telophase? Nuclear envelope
What organelle reappears inside the nucleus? Nucleolus
During telophase as the chromosomes uncoil, they reappear as.... chromatin
What process or phase follows telophase? Cytokinesis
What divides during cytokinesis? Daughter cells splits from cell
Explain how cytokinesis occurs in plants. In plant cells, cell plate forms at the equator to divide cells
Explain how cytokinesis occurs in animals. Cell "pinches" in to split cell furrow
How does the chromosome number of the parent cell compare to that of the 2 daughter cells? How do the 3 cells compare in size? They make a copy and split, Have the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell, identical but a bit smaller until fully grown
What is the first thing the daughter cells must do following cytokinesis? It will grow and mature
If the parent cell has a chromosome number of 2n=6 what will be the chromosome number of the daughter cells? 6....mitosis number doesn't change
Created by: 1376512113
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