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Urinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of Urinary System | to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids |
| What does the urinary system consist of? | kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra |
| What are the primary organs of urinary system? | kidneys |
| What is Renal Fascia? | connective tissue that holds each kidney in place |
| What is perirenal fat? | thick layer of adipose tissue that surrounds each tissue. |
| What is function of perirenal fat? | helps to protect the kidney |
| What is Renal Capsule? | tough, fibrous connective tissue that encases each kidney |
| What is the hilum? | indentation of kidney |
| What does the Hilum lead to? | large cavity within the kidney called the Renal Sinus |
| What leaves the kidney at the Hilum? | Renal Vein |
| What enters the kidney at the Hilum? | Renal Artery |
| What is the Renal Cortex? | The outer, reddish region |
| What is the Renal Medulla? | a darker reddish brown region that the renal cortex surrounds |
| What does the Renal Medulla consist of? | a Series of Renal Pyramids |
| What are the pointed ends of the pyramids called? | Renal Papillae |
| What are Renal Columns? | spaces between adjacent pyramids that portions of the renal cortex extend into |
| What is the central region of the kidney? | Renal Pelvis |
| What are Calyces | cuplike projections that interupts the periphery of the renal pelvis |
| What surrounds the renal papillae of each pyramid and collects urine from that pyramid | Minor Calyx |
| What is a Major Calyx? | Several minor calyces converge together to form this |
| Where are the Nephrons located? | in the cortex and medulla |
| List the two parts that Nephrons consist of | Renal Corpuscle and Renal Tubule |
| What does the renal corpuscle consist of? | cluster of capillaries called Glomerulus |
| What surrounds the Glomerulus? | a double layered epithelial cup called the Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's Capsule) |
| What is Afferent Arteriole? | where blood GOES INTO the glomerulus |
| What is Efferent Arteriole? | where blood EXITS the glomerulus |
| What is the function of Renal Tubule? | carries fluid away from the glomerular capsule |
| List the 3 Regions of the Renal Tubule | 1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule 2. Nephron Loop (Henle's loop) 3. Distal convoluted tubule |
| What is the proximal convoluted tubule? | First portion of the tubule that is highly coiled |
| What forms the Nephron Loop? | when the tubule straightens and dips into the medulla. It makes a U turn and ascends back toward the cortex |
| What is the Descending Limb? | the portion of the loop that descends from the proximal convoluted tubule into the medulla |
| What is the Ascending Limb? | the part that ascends back toward the cortex |
| What is the Distal Convoluted Tubule? | the final region of the tubule. It is also coiled and found in the cortex |
| What does urin pass from the Nephrons into? | collecting ducts |
| What forms the macula densa? | the cells of the ascending limb |
| What forms the juxtaglomerular? | when the afferent arterioles are modified |
| What is the function of Macula Densa? | monitors sodium chloride concentration in urine and influences the juxtaglomerular cells |
| What produces the enzyne Renin? | juxtaglomerular cells |
| What makes up the juxtaglomerular apparatus? | the macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells |
| What is the outer layer of the wall of the Ureters? | fibrous coat |
| What is the middle layer of the wall of the Ureters? | Muscular coat |
| What is the inner layer of the wall of the Ureters? | Mucosa |
| Where is the Urinary Bladder located? | pelvic cavity |
| What is the inner lining of the urinary bladder? | mucous membrane |
| What is the 2nd layer of the wall of the Bladder? | Submucosa |
| What is the middle layer of the wall of the Bladder? | Muscularis |
| What is the Detrusor Muscle? | smooth muscle fibers that are interwoven in all directions |
| What forms the Trigone? | 3 openings in the floor of the urinary bladder |
| What shape is the Trigone? | triangular |
| What is the internal urethral sphincter | a band of the detrusor muscle that encircles |
| What is the external urethral orifice? | opening to the outside |
| What is external urethral sphincter | skeletal muscle that encircles the urethra where it passes through the pelvic floor |
| What is the first part of the male urethra that passes through the prostate gland | prostatic urethra |
| What is the membranous urethra | second part of urethra and is short and penetrates the pelvic floor and enters the penis |
| What is the spongy urethra | The third part of the male urethra. It is the longest region. It extends the entire length of the penis |
| What is the first step in the formation of urine | Glomerular Filtration |
| What happens in the process of glomerular filtration? | blood plastma moves across the filtration membrane in the renal corpuscle and enters the glomerular capsule |
| What is the force that moves the fluid across the membrane | filtration pressure |
| what is the fluid that enters the capsule in glomerular filtration? | filtrate |
| What is tubular reabsorption | first process that changes the volume and composition of the filtrate |
| What is tubular secretion? | the final formation of urine is the transport of molecules and ions into the filtrate |
| List 3 hormones that influence urine concentration & volume | aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and atrial natriuretic hormone |
| What does Renin promote the production of? | Angiotensin II |
| What is Micturition | act of expelling urine from bladder |
| What is the micturition reflex? | stretch receptors in the bladder wall that trigger impulses |
Created by:
dcarafa
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