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M6 Cancer Vocab
Ch 57 Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells that can result in death if not detected and controlled | Cancer |
| a malignant growth composed of epithelial (tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body) cells that tend to spread to other areas of the body. "tumor tissue" | Carcinoma |
| any cancer-producing substance. | Carcinogen |
| The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. | Carcinogenesis |
| not malignant, not spreading, favorable for recovery | Benign |
| tending to become progressively worse, resistant to treatment, tending to spread and result in death | Malignant |
| the process by which tumor cells are spread to distant parts of the body, from a primary site to a secondary site | Metastasis |
| loss of hair due to destruction of hair follicles | Alopecia |
| something having its origin within an individual, especially a factor present in tissues or fluids | Autologous |
| removal of a small piece of tissue from and organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination, used to confirm or establish a diagnosis, establish a prognosis, or follow the course of a disease | Biopsy |
| most like the parent tissue | Differentiated |
| the immune system's recognition and destruction of newly developed abnormal cells | Immuno-surveillance |
| reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells due to depression of the bone marrow | Leukopenia |
| uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells | Neoplasm |
| the sum of knowledge regarding tumors, the study of cancer | Oncology |
| therapy designed to relieve or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms, but that does not produce a cure | Palliative |
| means of studying cells that the body had shed during the normal sequence of growth and replacement of body tissue, if cancer is present cancer cells also shed; commonly used in pelvic examination in women | Papanicolaou "Pap" smear |
| A malignant tumor of connective tissues, such as muscle or bone, presents as painless swelling | Sarcoma |
| Mouth inflammation caused by destruction of normal cells in the oral cavity | Stomatitis |
| reduction in the number of circulating platelets due to the suppression of the bone marrow | Thrombocytopenia |
| an oncologic emergency that occurs with rapid lysis of malignant cells | Tumor lysis syndrome |
| a neoplasm derived from the epithelium; cancer of the lip | Epithelioma |
| a white, firmly attached patch on the mouth or tongue mucosa | Leukoplakia |
| difficulty swallowing commonly associated with obstructive or motor disorders of the esophagus | Dyspagia |
| resection of a lower esophageal section with the proximal portion of the stomach followed by anastomosis | Esophagogastrectomy |
| surgical joining of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other | Anastomosis |
| resection of a portion of the esophagus with anastomosis to the stomach | Esophagogastrostomy |
| resection of the esophagus and anastomosis to a portion of the colon | Esophagoenterostomy |
| insertion of a catheter into the stomach and suture to the abdominal wall: performed when it is assumed that the patient will not be able to take food orally because of inoperable cancer of the esophagus interfering with swallowing | Gastrostomy |
| vomiting of bright red blood, indicating rapid upper GI bleeding, commonly associated with esophageal varices or peptic ulcer | Hematemesis |
| tarlike, fetid-smelling stool containing undigested blood | Melena |
| an endoscopic test that permits direct visualization of the upper GI tract. Fiberoptic-lighted scope views tumors, varices, mucosal inflammation, hiatal hernias, polyps, ulcers and obstructions. | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| fundus of the stomach is directly anastomosed to the duodenum; used to remove ulcers and cancer located in the antrum of the stomach | Gastroduodenoscopy (Billroth I) |
| duodenum is closed | Gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II) |
| the separation of a surgical incision or rupture of a wound closure, typically an abdominal incision | Dehiscence |
| the protrusion of an internal organ through a wound or surgical incision, especially in the abdominal wall | Evisceration |
| reduction in the number of circulating white blood cells due to depression of the bone marrow | Leukopenia |
| the treatment of cancer, infections, and other diseases such as cancer with chemical agents designed to impair the ability of the cancer cells to replicate | Chemotherapy |
| local tissue death that occurs in groups of cells in response to disease or injury | Necrosis |
| abnormal enlargement of the liver that is usually a sign of disease | Hepatomegaly |
| abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes | Ascites |
| an increased venous pressure in the portal circulation caused by compression or occlusion in the portal or hepatic vascular system that result in splenomegaly, large collateral veins, ascites, system hypertension and esophagel varices | Portal hypertension |
| the examination of the mucosal lining of the colon by using a colonoscope, an elongated endoscope | Colonoscopy |
| excision of approximately half of the colon | Hemicolectomy |
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james_w85
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