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Core the innermost layer of the Earth. It is the hottest and most dense layer.
Mantle the middle layer of the Earth’s interior. Density and temperature increase as you go deeper into this layer.
Convection what happens in the mantle that causes the plates to move.
Crust The top layer of Earth. It is the least dense layer and floats on top of the mantle. It is broken into pieces called tectonic plates.
Plate Tectonics The theory that states that pieces of the Earth’s crust are in constant slow motion driven by movement in the mantle. This explains how Pangaea broke apart.
Pangaea the supercontinent that existed 225 million years ago.
Convergent Boundary where two plates come together or collide. Mountain ranges and volcanoes often occur along this boundary
Divergent Boundary when two plates move apart from each other.
Transform Boundary the place where two plates rub past each other moving in opposite directions. When two plates rub past each other earthquakes often happen.
Seafloor Spreading the process that adds new crust to the seafloor. This happens at a divergent boundary when lava comes up at the crack and hardens into the new crust.
Mid Atlantic Ridge
Ring of Fire A line of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific plate, caused by convergent boundaries.
Rock a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.
Igneous rocks that are formed from cooling lava or magma.
Extrusive rocks formed from lava
Intrusive rocks from magma
Metamorphic Any rock that is changed by heat and/or pressure.
Bands Metamorphic rocks are classified by whether or not they have these
Sedimentary Rocks that are formed from the compaction and cementation. They are the rock that most commonly has fossils.
Compaction the process by which sediments are pressed together. This happens when more and more sediment piles up thus increasing the pressure.
Cementation the process by which sediments are glued together. Minerals in the water get trapped in the spaces between sediments and harden like glue.
Index Fossil fossils of organisms that lived for a relatively short period of time, were common all over the world, and are easily identified.
Relative Dating the process of figuring out whether a rock layer is older or younger than the layers surrounding it.
Large Crystals what you get when an igneous rock takes a long time to cool
Created by: Marquart
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