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Section A -SMV
Definitions from Section A - Searching for Meaning and Values
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | are the basic needs that must be met by every human being before they can encounter the Search for Meaning. |
| Consumerism | is the concept that an ever-expanding consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy which in turn can affect the internal questioning of one, if not many people. |
| Affluence | abundance of money, property, and other material goods; riches; wealth. |
| Apathy | lack of interest in or concern for things that others find moving or exciting. |
| Disillusionment | to free from or deprive of illusion, belief, idealism, etc.; disenchant. |
| Generation X | members of the generation of people born between the mid-1960s and the mid-1970s who are highly educated andunderemployed, reject consumer culture, and have little hope for the future |
| Culture | is not something we have, as in owning possessions. It is like the air we breathe. Something we are part of..... |
| Myth | is a formulated story that ‘explained’ life in a way that reflected their (society) understanding. |
| Philosophy | means the ‘love of wisdom’. |
| Natural Philosophers | These were men concerned with the Natural World i.e. water, air & fire. |
| Pre-Socratic | this was another name for the Natural Philosophers because they came before Socrates. |
| Sophists | these were educated men who travelled from place to place offering tuition on subjects such as grammar, rhetoric and literature. |
| Rhetoric | the art of persuasion, especially taken up by those with strong political ambitions. |
| Ethics | that branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct,with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. |
| Relativity | the state or fact of being relative e.g. that Truth and Justice depend on the situation or the context. |
| Dialogues of Socrates | He would take the role of the ignorant questioner and, through asking a few good questions, he would show the ‘experts’ how much they did not know. |
| Virtuous | conforming to moral and ethical principles; morally excellent; upright. Lead a virtuous life..... |
| Allegory | a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms; figurative treatment of one subject under the guise of another. |
| Dualistic Understanding | Plato saw the body and soul in conflict. In a sense, the body imprisoned the soul. |
| Platonic | of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Plato or his doctrines: the Platonic philosophy of ideal forms. |
| Empirical Approach | an approach derived from or guided by experience or experiment. |
| Form | that which places a thing in its particular species or kind. |
| Matter | that which relates to form as potentiality does to actuality. |
| Manichaeism | It was based on a supposed primordial conflict between light and darkness or goodness and evil. |
| Determinist | the doctrine that all events, including human choices and decisions, have sufficient causes. |
| Neoplatonists | a philosophical system, originated in the 3rd Century A.D. by Plotinus, founded chiefly on Platonic doctrine, with later influences from Christianity. |
| Enlightenment | the Enlightenment, a philosophical movement of the 18thCentury, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine. |
| Autonomous | having autonomy; not subject to control from outside; independent. |
| ‘Cogito Argument’ | comes from the discovery that the existence of the self is the point of certainty: ‘I think therefore I am’. It is here that all meaningful reflection must come. |
| Romanticism | the theory, practice, and style of the romantic art, music, and literature of the late 18th and early 19th Centuries, usually opposed to Classicism. |
| Existentialism | a modern philosophical movement stressing the importance of personal experience and responsibility and the demands that they make on the individual, who is seen as a free agent in a deterministic and seemingly meaningless universe. |
| Scepticism | a person who habitually doubts the authenticity of accepted beliefs. |
| Sacred | Religions which recognises the existence of more than we can name and what is called the ‘otherness’. |
| Symbol | something that represents or stands for something else, usuallyby convention or association, esp. a material object used to represent something abstract. |
| Ritual | an established or prescribed procedure for a religious or other rite. |
| Myth | a story about superhuman beings of an earlier age taken by society to be a true account, usually of how natural phenomena, social customs, etc, came into existence. |
| Cosmos | the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system. |
| Rites of Passage | Ceremonies that mark transition periods in a person's life, such as birth, having children, and death.Rites of passage usually involve ritual activities and teachings designed to strip individuals of their original roles and prepare them for new roles. |
| Spirituality | the state or quality of being dedicated to God, religion, or spiritual things or values, esp. as contrasted with material or temporal ones. |
| Pilgrimage | a journey to a shrine or other sacred place |
| Mantra | any sacred word or syllable used as an object of concentration and embodying some aspect of spiritual power. |
| Humanism | the denial of any power or moral value superior to that of humanity; the rejection of religion in favour of a belief in the advancement of humanity by its own efforts. |
| Secular Humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural. |
| Atheism | the doctrine or belief that there is no god. |
| Agnosticism | a person who claims, with respect to any particular question,that the answer cannot be known with certainty |
| Reductionism | the analysis of complex things, data, etc, into less complex constituents. |
| Cosmology | the branch of philosophy dealing with the origin and general structure of the universe, with its parts, elements, and laws, and especially with such of its characteristics as space, time, causality, and freedom. |
| ‘Big Bang’ theory | When the world exploded into existence 18 billion years ago. |
| Entropy | a means by measuring disorder within system. |
| ‘Expanding Universe’ theory | is the theory Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies were not falling together but moving apart. |
| Archetypes | the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a model or first form; prototype |
| Pantheon | a temple to all the gods. |
| Polytheism | the worship of or belief in more than one god |
| Monotheism | the doctrine or belief that there is only one god. |
| Transcendent | going beyond ordinary limits; surpassing; exceeding |
| Moksha | freedom from the differentiated, temporal, and mortal world of ordinary experience |
| Atman | the individual self, known after enlightenment to be identical with Brahman. |
| Mahadeiri | a principal deity in Hinduism |
| Kami | are the gods or spirits of Shinto |
| Shaman | (especially among certain tribal peoples) a person who acts asintermediary between the natural and supernatural worlds, usingmagic to cure illness, foretell the future, control spiritual forces,etc. |
| Covenant | God's promise to the Israelites and their commitment to worship him alone |
| Pentateuch | the first five books of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy |
| Axial Age | was the time when monotheism became firmly established |
| Idolatry | the religious worship of idols |
| Abba | New Testament . an Aramaic word for father, used by Jesus and Paul to address god in a relation of personal intimacy |
| Ascension | New Testament the passing of Jesus Christ from earth into heaven |
| Divine Revelation | is the process whereby God discloses himself to humanity |
| Universal Revelation | is where God makes himself known to all people at all times in all places |
| Historical Revelation | is where God reveals himself in a special way at a particular time and place |
| Decalogue | another name for the Ten Commandments |
| Omnipotent | having very great or unlimited authority or power |
| Liberation Theology | the belief that Christianity involves not only faith in the teachings of the Church but also a commitment to change social and political conditions from within in societies in which it is considered exploitation and oppression exist |
| Prophet | a person who speaks for god or a deity, or by divine inspiration |
| Mystical Interpretation | seeks to make an inner journey and leave behind the distractions of the world |
| Holy Interpretation | means to understand events in our lives as sacred |
| Poetic and Aesthetic Interpretation | is when great beauty suggests the presence of God, through poems, paintings, music, etc |
| Ontological Argument | is when people look at the argument that if God existed in the mind only and not in reality, then he would not be the greatest being conceivable |
Created by:
NoogalD
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