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Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Respiration | exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the atmosphere & the body cells |
| Ventilation | moves air through a series of passes into & out of the lungs |
| External Respiration | exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood |
| Transports | the blood transports the gases to and from the tissue cells |
| Internal Respiration | exchange of gases between the blood and tissue cells |
| Upper Respiratory Tract | nose, pharynx and larynx |
| Lower Respiratory Tract | trachea, bronchial tree and lungs |
| Nose | framework consists of bone and cartilage |
| Nasal Cavity | interior chamber of the nose |
| Nasal Septum | divides the nose into two parts |
| Name two places that air enters the nasal cavity from the outside | nostrils and external nares |
| Internal Nares | the openings from the nasal cavity into the pharynx |
| Palate | forms the floor of the nasal cavity and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
| Hard Palate | anterior portion of the palate |
| Rhinitis | inflamm of the nasal mucuosa accompanied by excessive mucus |
| Tracheotomy | creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and insertion of a tube to facilitate passage of air or removal of secretions |
| Respiratory Obstruction | foreign objects that become lodged in the larynx or trachea |
| Bronchoscopy | procedure in which a fiber optic bundle is inserted into the trachea and directed along the conducting passageways to the smaller bronchi. It allows visualization of the inside of the bronchi |
| Asthma | constriction of smooth muscle around the bronchial tree |
| Pleurisy | inflamm of the pleura |
| Pneumothorax | accumulation of air in the pleural cavity |
| Uvula | helps direct food into the oropharynx |
| Soft Palate | posterior portion of palate that has no bony support |
| Nasal Conchae | bony ridges that project into the nasal cavity. They help direct air flow through the nasal cavity |
| Where are the Paranasal Sinuses located? | in the frontal, maxillae, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones |
| What is the function of the paranasal sinuses? | reduce the weight of the skull, produce mucus and influence voice quality |
| ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium | mucous membrane that lines most of the nasal cavity |
| pharynx | throat |
| how long is the pharynx | 13 cm |
| List the 3 regions of the pharynx | nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx |
| nasopharynx | posterior to the nasal cavity and extend to the uvula |
| How does air enter the nasopharynx? | from the nasal cavity through the internal nares |
| what do the auditory tubes (esutachian) do? | help to equalize the air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane |
| pharyngeal tonsils | collections of lymphoid tissue |
| Where is location of pharyngeal tonsils? | posterior wall of the nasopharynx |
| Where is the oropharynx | posterior to the oral cavity |
| Where does the oropharynx receive food, air, and water from? | Oral cavity |
| fauces | opening between the oral cavity and oropharynx |
| What borders the Fauces? | masses of lymphoid tissue called tonsils |
| Where are the palatine tonsils located | in the lateral walls of the oropharynx, adjacent to the fauces |
| where are the lingual tonsils located? | on the surface of the posterior portion of the tongue, also in the region of the fauces |
| Where is the laryngopharnyx located? | most inferior portion of the pharynx |
| What are the oropharynx and laryngopharynx lined with? | mucuous membrane of stratified squamous epithelium |
| larynx | voice box. It is the passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea |
| how long is the larynx | 5 cm long |
| What is the larynx made of? | formed by 9 pieces of cartilage that are connected to each other by muscles and ligaments |
| Name the 3 largest catilaginous portions of the larynx | thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and epiglottis |
| thyroid cartilage | adams apple |
| cricoid cartilage | forms the base of the larynx and is attached to the trachea |
| epiglottis | long leaf shaped structure that prevents food and water from entering the trachea |
| Two pairs of ligaments that house the larynx | vestibular folds (false vocal cords) and true vocal cords |
| Function of false vocal cords | they work with the epiglottis to prevent particles from entering the lower respiratory tract |
| Function of true vocal cords | sound production |
| glottis | opening between the true vocal cords which leads to the trachea |
| trachea | windpipe |
| What forms the trachea? | consists of a tube that extends from the larynx and into the mediastinum, where it divides into R & L bronchi |
| How long is the trachea? | 12 to 15 cm long |
| What supports the trachea? | 15 - 20 C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage |
| What is the mucous membrane that lines the trachea ? | ciliated epithelium |
| what do the alveolar ducts consist of? | simple squamous epithelium |
| what is the function of the alveoli ducts | permits rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Describe the right lung | shorter, broader and has a greater volume than the left lung. It has 3 lobes |
| Describe the left lung | longer and narrower than the right lung. Has the cardiac notch and has two lobes |
| pleura | double layered serous membrane that encloses lungs |
| parietal pleura | lines the wall of the thorax |
| visceral pleura | attached to the surface of the lung |
| pleural cavity | small space between the visceral and parietal pleurae |
| pulmonary ventilation | referred to as "breathing". It is the process of air flowing into lungs during inhalation and out of lungs during exhalation |
| inhalation | process of taking air into the lungs |
| diaphragm | dome shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| What happens when the diaphragm contracts? | it drops or becomes flatter. This increases the size of the thoracic cavity |
| Exhalation (or expiration) | process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle |
| What happens when the diaphragm relaxes? | the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases to its normal size |
| What happens to the alveoli when air leaves the lungs? | they become smaller |
Created by:
dcarafa
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