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Inside Living Cells

Additional Biology Edexel

Question	Answer
Adenine	A base found in DNA and RNA
Aerobic	A process using oxygen.
Amino Acids	One of about 20 different small molecules that link together in long chain to form protiens. Often called the building blocks of protiens.
Anaerobic	A process the does not use oxygen.
Aseptic	Conditions that are free from contamination by unwanted mircoorganisms and used in fermenters.
Bases	Chemical groups making up part of the DNA and RNA molecules. The order of bases in the DNA froms the genetic code.
Capillary	Very small blood vessels with walls one cell thick. The site of exchange of materials between the blood and cells.
Coding	The strand on DNA that carries the genetic code.
Cramp	Muscle pain caused by build-up of lactic acid when a muscle is overworked.
Cultivated	The growth of organisms, such as plants and mircoorganisms, in controlled conditions.
Culture Medium	A liquid in which mircoorganisms are grown.
Cytosine	A base found in DNA and RNA.
Diffusion	The movement of molecules from a region where they are at high concentration to a region where they are low concentration.
DNA	The chemical that makes up genes. (deoxyribonuleic acid)
Double Helix	The shape of the DNA molecule, like a twisted ladder.
Enzymes	Proteins in cells that control chemical reations. They are biological catalysts.
Fermentation	Using mircoorganims to break down nutrients into useful products.
Genes	Sequences of DNA inside chromosomes that control the characteristics of an organism.
Genetic Code	The intructions carried by the DNA for making a cell and telling it what to do.
Glucose	A simple sugar that is broken down in cells to release energy. It is also produced during photosynthesis.
Guanine	A base found in DNA and RNA.
Insulin	A hormone that controls the level of blood glucose.
Latic Acid	The waste product of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells.
mRNA	A type of RNA that carries the genetic code out from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during protein synthesis.
Mircoorganism	A very small organism that can only been seen through a mircoscope. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are examples.
Organelle	A part of a cell with a specific function, such as the nucleus.
Polypeptide	A long chian of amino acids. A protein is made of one or more of these folded into a particular shape.
Protien	A chemical made of chain of amino acids. Form part of the cells framework or carry out a particular job.
Protien synthesis	The way protiens are made in a cell.
Respiration	The process of breaking down glucose to release energy which happens in every living cell. Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water to release energy.
Ribosome	A tiny organelle in the cytoplasm of the cell where proteins are made.
RNA	A chemical similar to DNA that is involed in protein synthesis.
Strand	One side of the DNA double helix. The two are joined by bases.
Template	A pattern, like a stencil, which can be used over and over agian. The DNA acts as one for the mRNA.
Thymine	A based found in DNA.
Transcription	The first stage of protien synthesis, where the genetic code in the DNA is converted into a similar code in the mRNA.
tRNA	A type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome to be built up into a protein.
Translation	The second stage of protien synthesis, where teh genetic code in the mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Triplet	A group of three bases in DNA that codes of the placing of an amino acid in a protein during protein synthesis.
Danielle	Genius! these are very good im sad i have no ink left in my printer so i cant print them off!

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Danielle Eastwick on 2011-12-14

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Inside Living Cells

Additional Biology Edexel