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am 3 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| William Rimmer | * Work doesn't fit into other genres; Romantic pieces actually anticipate the art of Rodin by several decades<br />- 1/2 dozen sculptures exist today<br />- Lost d'faunt<br />- Abandons sculpture and for 30 years does sign/scenery painting for catholic ch |
| Richard Caton Woodville | |
| Francis W. Edmunds | |
| John Quidor | |
| David Gilmore Blythe | |
| William Sydney Mount | Was the founder of American genre painting<br /><br />Unlike Allston and Wallace, he understood American Patronage, and aimed his aesthetic level at his audience - paints for the many<br /><br />Mount is interested in the African American and sympathetic |
| George Caleb Bingham | |
| George Catlin | |
| Eastman Johnson | |
| Winslow Homer | Like Eastman Johnson, he develops out of the Genre tradition of Mount and Bingham; but more original in his response to genre; moved towards Courbet's realism; chose pictorial material for its own sake and took out the narrative<br /><br />Replaces sentim |
| Thomas Eakins | Philadelphia - little oppertunity to depict the nude; found context in sculpture<br /><br />Eakins makes a sign contribution to the history of photography but also motion photography<br /><br />Wasn't fashionable b/c interested in truth, like Goya (physic |
| Thomas Anshutz | Direct slice of life, genre |
| William Michael Harnett | Irish<br><br>Realism to nth degree - trompe l'oiel of Harnett (and Peto) |
| John Frederick Peto | Realist, genre, still life |
| Albert Pinkham Ryder | Non-realist; Romantic<br /><br />Classified with Eakins and Homer as major native artist<br /><br />Founding member of society of Am artists, new organ in 1877; despite little success in exhibiting, he was largely ignored by critics and public alike<br /> |
| Ralph Blakelock | *He/Ryder anticipate the modern movement in art<br><br>Derived work form inner vision; penchant for mysticism, visionary<br><br>More forgeries than originals<br><br> |
| Elihu Vedder | In 1870s his work reflected this poetic mystery preferred by the Symbolists in France<br><br>1890s turns work to murals<br><br>becomes interested in William Blake, PreRaphs, 2 artists: Lawrence Ala Tedema, and Layden |
| John La Farge | American, French abstraction<br /><br />Barbizon painters influence<br /><br />Mid 1870s began as muralist and coordinating artist for large arch interior projects<br /><br />*Leader in the rise of interior projects as well as mural art in America<br><br> |
| Kenyon Cox | One of most famous painters and art ciritics of his day<br><br>Personification of academic classicism in America<br>Voice against modernism |
| Thomas Wilmer Dewing | In 1880s worked in "an American rennaissance style"<br /><br />Grows up in Boston; Tonalist<br /><br />Infl by French academic painting as well as PreRaphsl noble virtues<br><br>Thru arch Samford White, his work was brought to attention of Lang |
| Abbott Handerson Thayer | Bottic, Rapha, Titian etc. influence; saw self as part of American Renaissance<br><br>Critical acclaim, money |
| James McNeill Whistler | Ex-pat, American<br /><br />"Art for art's sake" theory<br />Among 1st to grasp revolu implications for arts for arts sake; most + innovation since Brunel’s linear perspective<br /><br />Would become one of the world's best etchers period, with |
| John Singer Sargent | Ex-pat; born in Florence<br />Studeid w/ Durand in Rome<br /><br />Influence of Velasquez/Spain; Whistler (early); Franz Halls brushwork<br /><br />Sometimes reveals an almost impress concern w/ atmosphere and light<br /><br />Goes to London and becomes t |
| Mary Cassatt | *One of most significant female artists in America in 19th century<br /><br />Studies w/ Jerome (like Eakins); copies old master paintings, drawn to Velas and Halls, admired Courbet, Manet, and Degas<br /><br />only American to be a member of the impress, |
| John Haviland | Most of his structures were Greek Revival<br> |
| Maximilian Godefroy | 1st Gothic revival church in Am is by Godfroy Chapel of St. Mary's B |
| Richard Upjohn | Published series of low cost designs "Upjohns Rural Architecture" in 1852; inspired many rural gothic revival churches<br /><br />Famous designer of Gothic revival churches, but shows early Xn, Romanesque, and Renaissance too<br><br>Reminiscent |
| James Renwick, Jr. | |
| Ithiel Town and Alexander Jackson Davis | Designed state capitals, college buildings, etc. (mostly Davis)<br><br>Fondness for combining Roman domes w/ Greek portico<br><br>*Firm reps conception of designer architect; before were builder architects |
| Minard Lafever | |
| Henry Austin | |
| A.J. Downing | 1841 his books swept the field; "Cottage Residences" = + popular and influential of his publicaitons |
| George Carstenson and Charles Gildemeister | |
| James Bogardus | Major American contribution (he is credited) for development of iron cast building; leader in his field |
| John Gaynor and Daniel Badger | HH Richardson followers<br> |
| Ware & van Brunt | |
| Frank Furness | Aslo picks up Victorian Gothic<br><br>Idiosyncratic style; originality |
| Henry Hobson Richardson | No 1st rate practitioners besides him in Victorian Gothic<br /><br />Picks up Victorian gothic and converts it into the Romanesque; *Romanesque revival - older tradition<br /><br />*No Am arch never so dominated the world he lived in than Richardson<br><b |
| Richard Morris Hunt | Traditional; Brq, French Ren, Ital Ren vocabulary and mixes them together |
| Firm of McKim, Mead and White | |
| William Le Baron Jenney | Story of Chi school starts with him |
| Burham and Root | |
| Louis Sullivan (Adler and Sullivan) | Called the 1st truly modern architect, father of the skyscraper<br><br>Form follows function<br><br><br /><br /> |
| Frank Lloyd Wright | Prophet of new arch freedom and new discipline; period/law unto himself; one of greatest architects<br><br>One of most original arch minds of 20th century<br /><br />Genius of relation of architecture w/ site as no other arch in history<br /><br />Influen |
| Augustus Saint-Gaudens | Realism augmented w/ Ren<br><br>Irish; Ghiberti and Donatello = influences<br><br> |
| Daniel Chester French | |
| Frederick Mac Monnies | |
| George Grey Barnard | best known sculptor of this period after August St Gaudins<br /><br />19th cent French influences; Rodin; Michelangelo |
| Frank Duveneck | One of first to go to Munich; overnight sensation when returns; teaches<br /><br />Famous for portrait studies<br /><br />Influence of Halls, Remb, Manet, Courbet<br /><br />Quick worker, tonal |
| William Merritt Chase | Indiana; Impressionism but would on/off to dark palette of Munich school<br /><br />One of leading figures of his day, character<br /><br />Began career as most popular/influential teacher of the period in Am<br /><br />Painter, teacher, partic in artist |
| Julian Alden Weir | Am Impressionist<br /><br />Turns to Impression midway through career; converted via Monet influence; overcomes its formalism<br /><br />Studies w/ Jerome (Eakins, Cassatt)<br><br>He is considered one of the leading Am painters of the day, and also one of |
| Theodore Robinson | *One of first Americans to work in Impress style; masterpieces of <-<br /><br />Studies with Durand (Sargent) and then Jerome<br /><br />Next door to Monet |
| John Twachtman | Best known for impress landscapes but his painting style varied during career<br><br>ARH consider him Impress, and one of the more personal/experimental styles of generation<br><br>One of founding members "10 painters" NY |
| Childe Hassam | Prom/prolific Am impressionist; __ scenes and coastal scenes<br /><br />Instrumental in presenting French impressionism to Am collectors, and museums (Cassatt and Hassam and Twackman)<br /><br />Founding member 10 Painters<br /><br>Begins his career drawi |
| Robert Henri | Leader of Ashcan<br /><br />Studies under Anschwatz; but failed to observe Euro art<br /><br />Teaches Penn Acad?, meets group of young illustrators - Luks, Shin, Sloan, and Glackens - urged to go abroad (Philly)<br><br>Simple formula and picturesque subj |
| William Glackens | Social life/fashion<br><br>Goes w/ Luks to Cuba - war<br><br>Illustration aspects |
| Everett Shinn | ?Sliding into formula can be seen in HIS art; followed Euro styles; fave painter was Degas |
| George Luks | Loud; Became known as the most colorful figure among Ashcan realists<br> |
| George Bellows | ~ officialy exhibit w/ the 8, but assoc w/ them<br><br>He made living as a portrait painter; does some of these paintings as lithographies (~ do printing); moves onto other subjects; his fame rests w/ boxing pictures |
| John Sloan | *He is remembered as an American Hogarth for his ability to capture interesting people w/ gross character and to successfully place them on the canvs<br><br>On the most personal terms w/ Henri and the most influenced by Henri<br /><br />Sloan is the most |
| Maurice Prendergast | 1st true American modernist<br><br>American Post-Impressionist in oil/water color<br />Departure in mood; still realism?; still member of 8<br />Born Canada, Boston<br /><br />Reminds of Degas - very committed to the monoprint/monotype<br /><br />Critics |
| Ernest Lawson | Impressionistic + realism; brings lyrical to French impressionists style (transforms it)<br /><br />Canadian American<br><br>FL landscapes |
| Arthur B. Davies | *1st American symbolist<br /><br />Principle organizer of the 1913 Armory show, member of the 8<br>Best known for ethereal figure paintings; fantasy<br><br> |
| Edward Hopper | Realist; Wc, etcher, oil<br /><br />Calculated designs rep his vision of American modern life; urban, isolation<br /><br />Like Vermeer ^ (specialized in the pensieve woman)<br /><br />Studies w/ Henri<br><br>1930s focusing on everyday stuff - anticipates |
| Reginald Marsh | Like Hopper, takes up print making; notable for depictions of city life NY; born Paris<br /><br />Influenced by the drawings of Raphael, Da Vinci and Michelangelo<br /><br />Meets Benton... + Hopper + him = print makers<br /><br />*Etchings were his first |
| Stieglitz | Over 50 year career span he was instrumental to making photography an accepted art form<br /><br />Also known for galleries (291) where showcases Avant Garde Euro artists |
| Thomas Hart Benton | At forefront of regionalist movement; thought art should be socially relevant<br /><br />Struck by Cubism/synchronism*<br /><br />Muralist, painter, print maker<br /><br />Lasting impressions = energetic, elongated figures (El Greco, Tint, Michel) = Old M |
| John Steuart Curry | Wanted to represent tru Am scenes/values; 3rd leader<br><br> |
| Grant Wood | Socialist; praiseworthy b/c purely American; free of Cubism/Fauvist |
| Stuart Davis | Modernist<br><br>Tried to make modern Am art style; Jazz, modern industrial scene<br>Synthetic Cubism influence<br><br>"cool reporter of an arena of hockey fans" |
| Marcel Duchamp | |
| Man Ray (Dada) | American, influenced by Duchamp<br><br>As experimental as Duchamp; friends<br><br>Film, photographer, fashion phot<br>1922 publishes 1st book "Delightful Fields" w/ Rayograms<br> |
| Joseph Cornell: | Surrealist<br><br>Shadow Boxes; inspired by collages by Max Ernst<br><br>shared the surrealist interest in the beauty that occus in the chance encounter, unexpected settings |
| Louise Nevelson (Hans Hoffmann) | *Before Nevelson, no 20th century important women sculptors!<br><br>"an environmental sculptor"<br /><br />Assists Diego Rivera for a while in NY in painting of Rockefeller Center Mural<br /><br />Sculptor at age 40<br /><br />Cubist approach, k |
| Georgia O’Keeffe | 1920s found most important representative of realism, O'Keefe<br><br>Leading artist in Stieglitz group<br>Also surrealist<br><br>1st show = 291<br><br>Vocabulary of small natural forms in magnified close up<br><br>Female genetalia = mother nature<br><br>* |
| Marsden Hartley (Der Blaue Reiter) | Kandinsky influence<br><br>Blue Ryder, Futurism, Cubism... etc. |
| Charles Demuth | Realist/precisionist*<br>Used to depict urban/industrial architecture<br><br>Stiegletz group, friend Duchamp |
| Alexander Calder | Mobile; kinetic sculpture<br>-originally Constructivists/Russia<br><br>Comes close ot Mondrian<br><br>*Surrealist at end of day; poetic possibilities; connection w/ Miro |
| Arthur Garfield Dove | Another pioneer of art in America b/c magazine illustrator<br><br>Matisse influence, liked Fauvism<br><br>Showed at 291<br><br>Collage/assemblage |
| Lescaze and Howe | |
| Mies van der Rohe | German; Gropius; colleague; Chicago<br /><br />Spiritual heir of Mondrian (proportions/spatial relationships)<br><br>Differences of buildings = details |
| American Sculpture | Americn sculpt was born/matured on the one hand 1825 and the other 1875 |
| American Landscape | Landscape for its own sake = basis for American art; emerging support for not American landscape but American art<br><br>Around mid century French critics like Boudelaire still accepted the hierarchy - genre/landscape at the bottom |
| American Genre Painting | Most effective genre paintings of 19th century were derived from everyday scenes of Am life<br /><br />2 major artists in this theme are Mount (East Coast) and Bingham (West)<br /><br />John Kremel is the first significant genre painter in America (German |
| American 19th Century Painting | 2 great watercolorists in Am in 19th-20th century would be Homer and John Singer Sargent; twin peaks!<br /><br />Homer and Akins are the twin peaks of late 19th century (painting?)<br /><br />Late 19th century examples there is usually something we didn't |
| Whistler and Eakins | Eakins and Whistler have a good deal in common; both Americans who studied in Paris, both admired Courbet, both affected by many of the same art theories, but totally different styles/aesthetics, Eakins = realist, Whistler = formalist; (uproar at same tim |
| Architecture | "7 Lamps of Architecture" America's 1st handbook to include illustrations of the Greek orders<br /><br />Gothic was the most widespread and influential in 19th century; esp for churches<br /><br />Mid century arch pattern books = complete design |
| Sculpture | National Sculpture Society, formed to promote the cause of sculpture, sponsor annual exhibitions and to maintain high quality in Am sculpture |
| 19th-20th Century Painting | Last 3 decades of 19th cent, ceased to be governed by realism<br /><br />After 1870 young artists went to Paris vs. Rome vs. Munich and Dossoldorf<br /><br />Munich is now considered the art capital of Europe<br />1872 40 students from Am in Munich " |
| The Eight | Transition, change; done w/ corrupt w/ fantasies of golden age<br /><br />1st group of Am artists to advocate a new Democractic art; painting must reflect the artists's involvement w/ life as life is lived<br /><br />1st exhibition in 1908<br /><br />Lead |
| 20th Century American Art | The 8 play in introducing Am public to realism, and armory to introd to Avant Garde, you can say these are two pivotal points in Am 20th cent art<br /><br />20s-30s regionalist schools of painting<br />No one style to bind these artists together<br />West |
| Charles Sheeler | *Archetype precisionist<br><br>Painter and photographer<br />Machine age imagery, precisionist*<br />Attention to detail, insisted on accuracy<br />Strong dependence on photos<br /><br />Most realistic/exact copy of photograph of his source material<br><b |
| International Style | coined by Henry Hitchcock and Arch Phillip Johnson for avant garde arch in Europe 20s/30s; late in America... end of 30s |
| Van der Rohe | German, Gropius' colleague, Chicago<br><br>In many ways he is the spiritual heir of Mondrain (proportions/spatial relationships)<br><br>Whether designing schools, apt, or office buildings, he uses the same simple rect<br><br>Love for materials<br><br>Diff |
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