Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Peds midterm
lists for midterm
| Q: | A: |
|---|---|
| Most common indication for a Fetal echo: | Prior family history of CHD (congenital heart defects) |
| Most common type of ASD: | Ostium Secuncdum (70%) |
| Most common type of VSD: | Membranous (perimembranous) (80%) – Infracristal |
| Most common heart anomaly overall: | Bicuspid Aortic Valve |
| Most common type of Pulmonic Stenosis: | Valvular – stenosis of PV cusps |
| Ebstein’s Anomaly is associated with _____ most commonly (___% of cases) | ASD in 75% of cases |
| 5 Indications for a Fetal Echo: | 1. Prior family history of CHD (most common) 2. Known exposure to cardiac teratogens 3. Chromosomal abnormalities 4. Maternal conditions 5. Presence of extracardiac anomalies |
| In fetal transverse position, the _____ is closest to spine: | LA is closest to spine |
| In fetal transverse position, the _____ is closest to anterior chest wall: | RV nearest to anterior chest wall |
| Fetal transverse position provides a ____________ view in echo | a four chamber view |
| PW Doppler of MV and TV obtained from the _______ Four chamber view | Apical Four chamber view |
| Doppler & color flow of foramen ovale obtained from the _______ Four chamber view | Subcostal Four chamber view |
| 5 M-mode Measurements obtained from the Fetal Subcostal 4 Chamber view: | 1. Heart wall size 2. LV size and function 3. IVS & posterior wall thickness 4. RV internal dimension 5. Sizes of both atria |
| Anatomy viewed in Long Axis View of Aorta: | o Proximal aorta o Anterior aortic wall continuous w/IVS o Posterior aortic wall continuous w/AMVL |
| Anatomy Obtained in Long Axis View of Pulmonary Artery: | • Shortened RV • Pulmonic valve • Pulmonary artery |
| Measurements obtained in Long Axis View of Pulmonary Artery: | PW Doppler & color flow used to evaluate for PI & PS |
| Anatomy seen in Short Axis of VENTRICLES: | RV, LV& IVS |
| Measurements obtained in Short Axis of VENTRICLES: | M-mode measurements of: • Ventricular free wall • IVS • Chamber sizes Color flow Doppler used to evaluate for abnormal VSD’s If found, use PW Doppler to interrogate |
| Anatomy seen in Short Axis of GREAT VESSELS: | • RA, RV, LA • TV, PV • Pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus *appears same as adult PSAX aortic level |
| Measurements obtained in Short Axis of GREAT VESSELS: | • M-mode – Measure size of PA • PW Doppler and color flow of TV and PV (Also evaluate ductus arteriosus) |
| Anatomy seen in View of Aortic Arch: | • Ascending aorta • Arch & branches (innominate, LCC & LSA) • Descending aorta • Right pulmonary artery • Foreshortened LA |
| Measurements obtained in View of Aortic Arch: | • Color flow and PW to view velocity of aorta • Used to rule out narrowing of aorta |
| Anatomy seen in View of Ductal Arch: | • Ductus arteriosus • PA, aorta • PV, RVOT • AV, TV, LA |
| Measurements obtained in View of Ductal Arch: | Doppler to assess ductus arteriosus |
| Anatomy seen in View of IVC & SVC: | RV, RA, TV, IVC, SVC |
| Measurements obtained in View of IVC & SVC: | PW Doppler and color flow to assess venous flow |
| 5 Types of ASD: | 1. Ostium Primum (20%) 2. Ostium Secuncdum (70%) 3. Sinus Venosus (10%) 4. Coronary Sinus ASD (RARE!) 5. Common Atrium (RARE!) |
| Ostium Primum ASD located in _____ portion of ______ | Inferior portion of IAS |
| Ostium Secuncdum ASD located in _____ portion of ______ | Mid portion of IAS |
| Sinus Venosus ASD located in _____ portion of ______ | superior portion of IAS near junction of SVC and RA |
| Coronary Sinus ASD located in _____ area close to ______ | The inferior septal area close to coronary sinus |
| Ostium Primum – Associated anomaly: | deformed MV |
| Sinus Venosus – Associated anomaly: | Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (*pulmonary veins do not enter the LA*) |
| The hemodynamic effect depends on these 3 things: | 1. Size and direction of shunt 2. Compliance of ventricles 3. Response of pulmonary vascular bed to increased blood flow |
| 5 Types of VSD: | 1. Inlet septum (3-5%) – Infracristal 2. Trabecular (5-20%) – Infracristal 3. Outlet septum (3-5%) – Supracristal 4. Membranous (perimembranous) (80%) – Infracristal (Most common type) 5. Malaligned septum |
| Complete Endocardial Cushion Defect Consists of all 3 of the following: | 1. Ostium primum ASD 2. Perimembranous VSD 3. Straddling AV valves (Anterior MV & septal TV create one valve) |
| Only ONE the following need to be present to be considered PARTIAL Endocardial Cushion Defect: | • Ostium primum ASD with a cleft MV OR • Endocardial inlet VSD only |
| Ductus arteriosus Functionally closes ______ after birth and Structurally closes ______ after birth | Functionally closes 15 hrs after birth and Structurally closes 2-3 weeks after birth |
| Persistent Truncus Arteriosus accounts for ______% of all congenital heart defects | only 0.4-2.8% |
| Persistent Truncus Arteriosus – 4 Classifications: | Type I – A short main PA arising from truncus Type II – Separate but closely positioned PAs arising from the posterior portion of the truncus Type III – Widely separated PAs arising laterally from truncus Type IV – PAs arise from the DAo |
Created by:
lefut
Popular Medical sets