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Vocabulary Ch. 12

Skin: The Integumentary System

Question	Answer
integumentary system	Makes up the outer covering of the body, serves many important functions beyond appearance.
sabaceous glands	Also known as OIL GLANDS, secrete sebum(oil) which lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin.
sweat glands	Help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat.
hair	Fibers are rodlike structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin. Helps control the loss of body heat.
nail	Also known as UNGUIS, protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger.
derma/cutaneous	Used to describe the skin.
epithelial tissues	Form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body.
epidermis	Is the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues.
squamous epithelial tissue	Forms the upper layer, consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuouly sloughed off(shed).
squamous	Scalelike
keratin	Is a fibrous, water-repellent protein.
melanin	Brown to black pigment that helps protects the skin against some of the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun.
ultraviolet(UV)	Refers to light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end.
dermis	Also known as the CORIUM, is the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis.
tactile	Pertaining to touch.
perception	Is the ability to recognize sensory stimulus.
collagen	Which means glue, is a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material.
mast cells	Are found in the connective tissue of the drmis, respond to injury or infection by producing and releasing substance including heparin and histamine.
heparin	Is released in response to injury, is an anticoagulant.
histamine	Is released in response to allergens, causes itching and increased mucus secretion.
subcutaneous layer	Located just below the skin, connects the skin to the surface muscles.
adipose	Means fat.
cellulite	Is nontechnical term for the subcutaneous deposit of fat, especially in the thighs and buttocks.
lipocytes	Also known as FAT CELLS, are prodominant in the subcutaneous layer, where they manufacture and store large quantities of fat.
sebaceous glands	Are located in the dermis layer of the skin and are closely associated with hair follicles.
sebum	Is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles.
mammary glands	Are modified sebaceous glands, are often classified with the integumentary system.
sweat glands	Are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces.
sweat	Also known as PERSPIRATION, is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99 percent water plus some salt and metabolic waste products.
pespiring	Is a means of excreting excess water. It also cools the body as the sweat evaporates into the air.
hidrosis	Means the production and excretion of sweat.
hair follicles	The sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers.
arretor pili	Also known as the ERECTOR MUSCLES, are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect.
nail body	Is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues.
nail bed	Joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue, nourishes the nail.
free edge	Is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed, extends beyond the tip of the finger or toe.
cuticle	Is a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root.
lunula	Is a pale half-moone-shaped region at the nail root and is generally found in the thumbnail and in varying degrees in other nails.
root	Fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin.
dermatologist	Specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin.
cosmetic surgeon	Also known as PLASTIC SURGEON, specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures.
acne vulgaris	Is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin in or near the sebadeous glands.
comedo	Is a lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle.
sebaceous cyst	Is a cyst of a sebaceous gland that contains yellow, fatty material.
seborrhea	Is any of several common skin conditions in which there is an overproduction of the sebum.
seborrheic dermatitis	Is an inflammation of the upper layers of the skin, caused by seborrhea.
seborrheic keratosis	Is a benign flesh-colored, borwn, or black skin tumor.
anhidrosis	Is the condition of lacking or being without sweat.
hyperhidrosis	Is a condition of excessive sweating.
diaphoresis	Means profuse, but not necessarily excessive, sweating.
miliaria	Also known as HEAT RASH/PRICKLY HEAT, is an inflammation caused by trapped sweat.
hirsutism	Means abnormal hairiness.
alopecia	Also known as BALDNESS, is the partial or complete loss of hair.
alopecia areata	Is an autoimmune disorder in which there are well-defined bald areas, usually on the scalp or face.
alopecia capitis totalis	Is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp.
alopecia universalis	Is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body.
female pattern baldness	Is a condition in which the hair thins in the front and on the sides and sometimes the crown.
male pattern baldness	Is a common hair loss patter in men, with the hairline receding from the front to the back until only a horseshoe-shaped area of hair remains in the back and on the temples.
clubbing	Is abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips.
koilonychia	Also known as SPOON NAIL, is a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out.
onychia	Also known as ONYCHITIS, is an inflammation of the matrix of the nail.
onychocryptosis	Means ingrown toenail.
onychomycosis	Is any fungal infection of the nail.
anychophagia	Means nail biting or nail eating.
paronychia	Is an acuter or chronic infection of the skin fold at the margin of a nail.
subungual hematoma	Is usually caused by an injury, is a collection of blood trapped in the tissues under a nail.
albinism	Is an inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to abnormality in production of melanin.
chloasma	Also known as MELASMA/MASK OF PREGNANCY, is a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face.
dyschromia	Is any disorder of the pigmentation of the skin or hair.
melanosis	Is any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body.
vitiligo	Is a condition in which a loss of melanocytes results in whitish areas of skin bordered by normally pigmented areas.
lesion	Is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury.
contusion	Is an injury that does not break the skin and is characterized by swelling.
crust	Is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris.
ecchymosis	Also known as BRUISE, is a purplish area caused by hemorrhaging(bleeding) within the skin.
macule	Is a discolored, flat spot that is less than 1cm in diameter.
nevi	Also known as MOLES, are small dark skin growths that develop from melanocytes in the skin.
dysplastic nevi	Atypical moles that may develop into skin cancer.
nodule	Is a small, solid bump like a cyst.
papule	Is a small, solid, raised skin lesion that is less than 0.5cm in diameter.
petachiae	Which are small pinpoint hemorrhages, are smaller versions of ecchymoses(bruises).
plaque	Is a solid, raised area of skin that is different from the area around it and greter than 0.5cm in diameter.
scale	Is a flaking or dry patch made up of excess dead epidermal cells.
verrucae	Also known as WARTS, are skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus.
plantar warts	Develop on the sole of the foot.
wheal(WHEEL)	Is a smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin and usually is accompanied by itching.
abscess	Is a localized collection of purulen exudate(pus) within a circumscribed area.
bulla	Is a large, circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is more than 0.5cm in diameter.
cyst	Is a closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material.
pustule	Is a small, circumscribed elevation of the skin containing pus.
vesicle	Is a circumscribed elevation of skin containing fluid that is less than 0.5cm in diameter, such as a small blister.
abrasion	Is an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away.
fissure	The skin is a groove or cracklike sore.
laceration	Is a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut.
puncture wound	Is a deep hole made by a sharp object such as a nail.
ulcer	Is an open sore or erosion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss and usually with inflammation.
decubitus ulcer	Also known as PRESSURE ULCER/BEDSORE, is an ulcerated area caused by prolonged pressure that cuts off circulation to the body.
port-wine stain	Is a large, reddish purple discolaration of the face or neck.
strawberry hemanigioma	This dark, reddish purple growth is a benign tumor made up of newly form blood vessels. Is a soft, raised birthmark.
dermatitis	Is an inflammation of the upper layers of skin.
contact dermatitis	Is a localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant or allergen.
dermatosis	Is a general term used to denote any skin lesion or group of lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation.
eczema	Is an acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, visicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabes, and possibly itching.
erythema	Is any redness of the skin such as a nervous blush, inflammation, or mild sunburn.
lupus erythematosus	Also known as SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS(SLE), is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk.
lipedema	Is an abnormal swelling due to the collection of fat and fluid under the skin, usuall between the calf and ankle.
pruritus	Also known as ITCHING, is associated with most forms of dermatitis.
psoriasis	Is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the skin characterized by red papules covered with silvery scales that occur predominantly on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, and buttocks.
pupura	Is a condition characterized by hemorrhage into the skin that couses spontaneous bruising.
rosacea	Is a chronic condition of unknown cause that produces redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels.
scleroderm	Is an autoimmune disorder that causes abnormal tissue thickening ususally starting on the hands, feet, or face.
urticiaria	Also known as HIVES, is a skin condition characterized by localized areas of swelling accompanied by itching that is associated with an allergic reaction.
xeroderma	Is excessivley dry skin.
carbuncle	Is a cluster of furuncles(boils) that result in extensive sloughing of skin and scar formation.
cellulitis	Is a diffuse infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation within the layers of the skin.
diffuse	Means widespread.
furuncles	Also known as BOILS, are large tender, swollen, areas caused by staphylococcal infection around the hair follicles.
gangrene	Is tissue necrosis(death) that is usually associated with a loss of circulation.
putrefaction	Is decay that produces foul-smelling odors.
impetigo	Is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture.
tinea	Also known as RINGWORM, is a fungal skin disease affeting different areas of the body.
tinea capitis	Is found on the scalps of children.
tinea pedis	Also known as althletes food, is found between the toes and on the feet.
tinea cruris	Also known as JOCK ITCH, is found in the genital area.
dermatomycosis	Also known as TINEA VERSICOLOR, is a fungal infection that causes white to light brown areas on the skin.
infestation	Is the dwelling of a parasite on external surface tissue.
scabies	Is a skin infection caused by an infestation with the itch mite.
pediculosis	Is an infestation with lice.
pediculosis capitis	Is an infestation with head lice.
pediculosis corporis	Is an infestation with body lice.
pediculosis pubis	Is an infestation with lice in the pubic hair and pubic region.
callus	Is a thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing.
clavus/corn	Is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes.
cicatrix	Is a normal scar resultin from the healing of a wound.
granulation tissue	Normally forms during the healing of a wound to create what will become scar tissue.
granuloma	Is a general term used to describe small knotlike swellings of granulation tissue.
keloid	Is an abnormally raised or thickened scar that is usually smooth and shiny.
keratosis	Is any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin.
lipoma	Is a benign fatty deposit under the skin that causes a bump.
papilloma	Is a benign epithelial tumor that projects from the surrounding surface.
polyp	Is a general term used most commonly to describe a mushroomlike growth from the surface of a mucous membrane, such as a polyp in the nose.
rhinophyma	Also known as BULBOUS NOSE, Is hyperplasia(overgrowth) of the tissues of the nose.
skin tags	Are small felsh-colored or light brown growths that hang from the body by fine stalks.
actinic keratosis	Is a precancerous skin lesion caused by excessive exposure to the sune.
basal cell carcinoma	Is a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis.
epithelioma	Is a benign or malignant tumor originating in the epidermis that may occur on the skin or mucous membranes.
malignant melanoma	Is skin cancer derived from cells capable of forming melanin.
squamous cell carcinoma	Begins as a malignant tumor of the squamous cells of the epithelium, but it can quickly spread to the other body systems.
burn	Is an injury to body tissues caused by heat, flame, electricity, sun, chemicals, or radiation.
biopsy	Is the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.
incisional biopsy	A piece, but not all, of the tumor or lesion is removed.
excisional biopsy	The entire tumor or lesion and margin of surrounding tissue are removed.
needle biopsy	A hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination.
exfoliative cytology	Is a biopsy technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope.
sunscreen	Blocks out the harmful ultraviolet B(UVB) rays is sometimes measured in terms of the stregth of the sun protection factor(SPF).
cauterization	Is the destruction of tissue by burning for therapeutic purposes.
curettage	Is the removal of material from the surface by scraping.
chmical peel	Also known as CHEMABRASION, is the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scaring, fine wrinkling, and genral keratoses.
cryosurgery	Is the destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through the application of extreme cold, often by using liquid nitrogen.
debridement	Is the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing.
dermabrasion	Is a form of abrasio involving the use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper.
incision and drainage(I&D)	Involves incision(cutting open) of a lesion, such as an abscess, and draining the contents.
Mohs' chemosurgery	Is the use of a zinc chloride paste to remove recurrent tumors and scarlike basal cell carcinomas, with a minimum of normal tissue loss but complete removal of the tumor.
laser	Is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
rhinophyma	Is treated by using a carbon dioxide laser to reshape the nose by vaporizing the excess tissue.
port-wine stain	Is treated using short pulses of laser light to remove the birthmark.
tattoos	Are removed by using lasers that target particular colors.
blepharoplasty	Also known as a LID LIFT, is the surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids.
dermatoplasty	Also known as SKIN GRAFT, is the replacement of damaged skin with tissue taken from a donor site on the patient's body.
lipectomy	Is the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin.
liposuction	Is the surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction.
rhytidectomy	Also known as FACELIFT, is the surgical removal of excess skin for the elimination of wrinkles.
sclerotherapy	Used in the treatment of spider veins(small veins that can be seen through the skin), involves injecting a sclerosing solution(saline solution)into the ein being treated.

Created by: caprinag1994

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