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2009 Algebra 1 Vocab

2009 Algebra 1 SOL Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
The x-value of an ordered pair that describes the vertical distance from the x-axis. Abscissa
The distance from x to the origin on the real number line. Because it represents distance, absolute value is never less than zero. Absolute Value
A sequence of steps that produce a desired outcome. It is often a step-by-step procedure. Algorithm
Numeric or algebraic input into an algorithm, nth function, or other defined function. Argument
A sequence in which successive terms have a common difference. It can be written as an=a1+(n-1)d where "an" is the nth term of the sequence, "a1" is the first term and "d" is the common difference. Arithmetic Sequence
The sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence. Arithmetic series
A line or curve that approaches a given curve arbitrarily closely. Asymptote
An action performed on two quantities Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and exponentiation are binary operations. Binary Operation
The sum or difference of two monomials. Binomial
A set is said to be closed under some operation if the operation on members of the set produces a member of the set. A set that is closed under an operation or collection of operations is said to satisfy a closure property. Closure Property
A fraction with one or more fractions embedded in the numerator and/or denominator. Complex Fraction
Any number that can be written in the form a + bi where a and b are real numbers and i is the square root of -1. Complex Number
Combining two functions by taking the output of one and using it as the input of another. Composition of Functions
A system of equations that has at least one solution. Consistent System (of Equations)
The non-zero (usually denoted k) in a direct variation (y=k/x), an indirect variation (y= k/x ) or a joint variation (z=kxy). Constant of Variation
A function f is continuous at a point (x, y) if it is defined at that point and passes through that point without a break. Continuous Function
A function f is decreasing on an interval if and only if for every a and b in the interval, f(a) > f(b) whenever a < b. Decreasing Function
The degree of the term with greatest sum of powers. Degree (of a polynomial)
System of linear equations where one linear equation is a multiple of the other and, therefore, has an infinite number of solutions. Dependent System of Equations
A relationship between two variables, x and y, that can be expressed as y=kx where k is the constant of variation. Direct Variation
An algebraic expression related to the coefficients of a quadratic equation that can be used to determine the number and type of solutions to the equation. Discriminant
The set of independent values in a function; the set of first elements in ordered pairs in a function. Domain
For two given points (the foci), an ellipse is the locus of points such that the sum of the distances to each focus is constant. Ellipse
A rule that pairs elements from one set, called the domain, to elements from another set, called the range, in such a way that no first element is repeated. The result is a set of ordered pairs, (x, y) where each x value is unique. Function
Every polynomial equation with degree greater than zero has at least one root in the set of complex numbers. Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
Every natural number greater than 1 can be written as a unique product of prime numbers. Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
A sequence in which consecutive terms have a common ratio. Geometric Sequence
The sum of the terms of a geometric sequence. geometric Series
For two given points (the foci), a hyperbola is the locus of points such that the difference between the distances to each focus is constant. Hyperbola
System of linear equations that has no solutions; parallel lines. Inconsistent System of Equations
A function f is increasing on an interval if and only if f(a) > f(b) for every a > b in the interval. Increasing Function
A consistent system of linear equations with only one solution. Independent System of Equations
Number indicating what root is being taken. Index
A relationship between two variables, x and y, that can be expressed as Y = k/x where k is the constant of variation. Indirect (inverse) variation
point where a curve crosses the x- or y-axis. x-intercept and y-intercept
A relationship that exists when a quantity varies directly with the product of two or more quantities y = kxy. Joint Variation
In a polynomial function of degree n, the leading coefficient is a n and the leading term is anxn. Leading Coefficient
A function in the form y = mx+b where m and b are constants. The graph of a linear function is a line. A linear equation has degree 1. Linear Function
An equation that contains more than one variable; an implicit equation; often mathematical formula. Literal Equations
A rectangular table of elements which may be numbers or any abstract quantities that can be added and multiplied; used to describe linear equations. Matrix
A product of constants and variables; a polynomial with one term. Monomial
a function where every value of y has a unique value for x. This function must passes the horizontal line test. One-to-One function
A value in a data set that is much higher or lower than the rest; a point which falls more than 1.5 times the interquartile range above the third quartile or below the first quartile. Outlier
A locus of points whose perpendicular distances to a line, called the directrix, and to a fixed point, called the focus, are equal. The graph of any quadratic function is one. Parabola
A function that consists of one or more functions, each with a limited or specified domain; when the pieces are graphed, on the same coordinate plane, the graph may or may not be continuous. Piecewise Function
a function that can be written as f(x) = a(n)x to the nth + a(n-1)x(n-1) + . . . Polynomial Function
A polynomial that cannot be factored over the real numbers further. Prime Polynomial
A formula that gives the solutions of the general quadratic equation ax(squared) + bx + c = 0. Quadratic Formula
A function that may be written f(x)=ax(squares) + bx + c. Quadratic Function
An expression of the form square root of r or the nth root of r where r is a number or expression x. Radical (nth root)
The possible values for the dependent variable in a function or relation. Range (of a function)
The difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in a data set. Range (of a set of data)
A function that can be written as R(x) = P(x)/Q(x) where P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials and Q(x) ≠ 0. Rational Functions
Linear regression is the process of obtaining the line of best fit. The relationship between two sets of data may be described with a line using some goodness-of-fit criterion. Regression
A number x such that P(x)=0. A polynomial of degree n has n roots. Roots (of a polynomial)
The steepness of a line going from left to right; rise over run; a constant rate of change. Slope
A polynomial expression with three terms Trinomial
A value of x for which f(x) = 0. Zeros (of a function)
Created by: knunley
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