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PHYS4
Digestion and Absorption I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is HCL released from? | Stomach |
| Where is bile released from? | Liver |
| Where are digestive enzymes rreleased from? | Exocrine glands |
| What kind of muscles are present in the motlily of the stomach? | Smooth Muscle |
| What is the role of the GI system in absorption? | It MAXIMIZES the absorption; does not regulate it |
| What kind of digested stuff enters the blood accross epithilial cells? | Carbs, AA, and salts |
| What kind of digested stuff enters the lymph from epithilial cells? | Fats and fat-soluble stuff |
| How much fluid does the GI tract secrete vsw. fluid injested? | 3.5 more fluid secreted than injested |
| What percent of that amount is actually placed in feces? | 1% |
| STRUCTURE AND FUNTION OF THE GI TRACT | STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE GI TRACT |
| What is the function of Exocrine glands? | Secrete acids, enzymes, water, ions, and mucus into tissue |
| What is the funtions of the endocrine cells? | Secrete hormones into the blood |
| What increases the area available for absorption in the SMALL INTESTINE? | Folding of the intestinal wall, villi, and microvilli on epithilal cells |
| How are epithilal cells replenished? | By mitosis |
| What structure does blood containing NUTRIENTS go from the small intestine go before going to the heart? | Venous blood goes through the heptic portal vein |
| What is fat packaged into? | chylomicrons |
| Where is it absorbed? | Lymphatic vessels in villus |
| What are lymphatic veseels AKA? | Lacteals |
| CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION | CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION |
| What is starch digested by? | Amylases by salivary glands and pancreas |
| So what happens to the products of the amylase breakdown and sugars ('ose)? Where at? | broken down to -->monosacchs by enzymes in small intestine |
| How are monosachs absorbed into the blood? | Secondary active transport across intestinal epithilium |
| What are some things not digested in the small intestine? Where do they go? | Cellulose isn't digested...it passes to the large intestine |
| What can break it down in the large intestine? | bacteria |
| PROTEINS | PROTEINS |
| What are proteins broken donw into? | Peptides and amino acids |
| How and where are they absorbed? | Secondary acitve transport in the small intestine |
| What molecules are needed to break down proteins into peptides? | pepsin in the stomach and pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin in small intestine |
| Then how are peptides groken down???? | Pancreatic carboxypeptidase and intestinal aminopeptides --> Free amino acids |
| WHAT part of the WHICH itnestine does the protein digestion and absorption, as well as te carb digestion and absorption take place? | Upper part of the SMALLintestine |
| FAT | FAT |
| What must fats undergo first to be able to be absorbed adn digestied? | Emulcification |
| How are large fat globules leaving teh stomach emulsified in the small intestine? WHAT SECRETES THEM? | Bile salts and phospholipids from the liver |
| Then what? | Lipase comes in |
| What is a strucutre that is a reservoir for bile? | Gallbladder |
| When would we want to release bile from the gallbladder | To digest fat |
| Where is lipase released from? | Pancreas |
| What are the steps of fat breakdown with LIPASE? | Lipase digests fat from emulsion-->fatty acids and monoglycerides 2) combine with bile salts-->micelles 3) go to epi cells-->form triacylglycerol |
| What happens to the triglycerol? | released as chylomicrons |
| Where do the chylomicrons go? | enter lacteals in villa and pass the lymphatic csystem to the venous blood |
| VITAMINS | VITAMINS |
| How are fat soluble vitamins digested? | Same method as for fat |
| What about water soluble vitamins? | Abosrbed in teh small intestine by difusion or carrier mediated transport |
| Specifically, how is vitamin B12 absorbed? | in the ileum after combining with intrinsic factors secreted from the stomach |
| What is B12 required to form? | BLOOD |
| WATER ABSORPTION | WATER |
| How is water absorbed? | By osmosis following solute absorption |
| how much fluid enteres the small intestine per day? | 9000 mL |
| How much of that passes into the large intestine? | 1500 |
| Thus??? | The small intestine absorsbs 80% of fluid!! |
| What is the order of absorption in the small intestine? | Duadenum, Jejunum, Ileium |
| What is the order of digestion int he large intestine? | A. Colon, D. Colon, and S. Colon |
| What important process do epithilial cells undergo under mitosis? | Migration to tip, daily turnover, but they're susceptible to damage |
| What is coupled with the secondary active transport absorption of nutrients and monosachs? | Sodium transport |
| What can inhibit gastric emptying? | Distention of the small intestine, fat, acid, and hypertonic solutions in teh intestinal lumen |
| What structure connects the exocrine portion of the pancreas and the duodenum? | The pancreatic duct |
| What structure in the small intestine does most of the absorption? | Duadenum |
| Why can't the large intestine absorb lots of water? | It lacks villi |
| What initiates defecation? | Distention of the rectum |
| Where does glucagon mainly act upon? | LIVER |
Created by:
talkglitter2486