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Science

Chapter 3 Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe

WordDefinition
constellation A pattern of stars in the sky.
visible light Electromagnetic radiation that can be seen with the unaided eye.
Electromagnetic radiation Enery that travels through space in the form of waves.
Wavelength The distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next.
spectrum The range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves.
refracting telesccope A telescope that uses convex lenses to gather and focus light.
convex lens A piece of transparaent glass curved so that the middle is thicker than the edges
reflecting telescope A telescope that uses one of more mirrors to gather light.
radio telescope A device used to detect radio waves from objects in space.
observatory A building that contains one or more telescopes.
spectrograph An instrument that separates light into colors and photographs the resulting spectrum.
galaxy A giant structure that contains hundreds of billions of stars.
universe All of space and everything in it.
light-year The distance that light travels in one year.
parallax The apparent change in position of an object.
giant star A very large star, much larger than the sun.
apparent magnitude The brightness of a star as seen from Earth.
absolute magnitude The brightness of a star if it were a standard.
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram A graph relating the temperature and brightness of stars.
main sequence An area on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram that runs from the upper left to the lower right and includes more than 90 percent of all stars.
pulsar A neutron star that produces radio waves.
nebula A large amount of gas and dust in space, spread out in an immense volume.
protostar A contracting cloud of gas and dust; the earliest stage of a star's life.
white dwarf The remaining hot core of a sstar after its outer layers have expanded and drifted out into space.
supernova The explosion of a dying giant or supergiant star.
neutron star A tiny stary that remains after a supernova explosion.
black hole The remains of an extremely massive star pulled into a small volume by the force of gravity.
quasar A distant galaxy with a black hole at its center.
binary star A star system that contains two stars.
eclipsing binary A star system in which one star periodically blocks the light from another.
spiral galaxy A galaxy whose arms curve outward in a pinwheel pattern.
elliptical galaxy A galaxy shaped like a flattened ball, containing only old stars.
irregular galaxy A galaxy that does not have a regular shape.
big bang The inital explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe.
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Created by: catrin013
 

 



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