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Swine Glossary
GLPB Swine Glossary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Substances or medications used in swine rations to stimulate growth, improve feed efficiency, secure uniformity or performance and help to control infections. | Additives |
| Fatty connective tissue; commonly the part of the body where fat is stored. | Adipose tissue |
| Chemical substances produced by certain living cells, such as bacteria, yeasts, and mold, which are antagonistic or damaging to certain other living cells, such as disease-producing bacteria. They may kill disease germs or prevent them from growing and mu | Antibiotics |
| Protein in the blood modified by contact with a foreign substance (antigen) so that it exerts an antagonizing or neutralizing action against that specific substance. They are chiefly associated with gamma globulin in the blood and are key elements of the | Antibody |
| Any substance that stimulates the production of antibodies. | Antigen |
| The average number of pounds an animal gains in a day. This can be determined at any stage of growth, but it is usually determined from weaning weight to slaughter weight. | Average Daily Gain |
| A layer of fat located between the skin and muscle along the back of a hog. It is generally measured over the first and last rib and the last vertebra on the carcass. It also may be measured by ultrasonic instruments on the live hog. | Backfat |
| The required amount of essential nutrients supplied to a hog during a 24 hour period. | Balanced Ration |
| A male pig that has been castrated and thus has no testicles. | Barrow |
| An intact (uncastrated) male pig. | Boar |
| A group of animals with similar external characteristics that are passed on from one generation to another. | Breed |
| Abbreviation for calcium, one of the important minerals in a hog's diet. | Ca |
| A measurement taken on the hog carcass from the aitch bone to the front edge of the first rib. | Carcass Length |
| Removal of the "gonads". Generally refers to surgical removal of both testicles. | Castration |
| Threadlike bodies in the nucleus of a cell, they contain the genes and DNA. | Chromosome |
| The "first milk" secreted by the mammary glad shortly after birth. It is not "true" milk but a clear to slightly cloudy fluid containing fats and sugars that have a slight laxative effect on the newborn baby. It also contains immunoglobulins that pass on | Colostrum |
| The time when male sperm fertilizes the female egg. | Conception |
| The general shape of the pig as determined by his framework or skeleton and muscle structure. | Conformation |
| Abbreviation for crude protein, the raw protein content in a hog's diet. | CP |
| A pig that is from parents of different breeds. | Crossbred |
| Failure of the testicles to descend into the scrotum during fetal development; the undescended testis remains in the abdominal cavity or groin. | Cryptorchidism |
| The carcass weight divided by the live weight. | Dressing Percentage |
| Animal urine and manure | Dung |
| The body's fuel supply. | Energy |
| The number of pounds of feed required by an animal to gain one pound of body weight. | Feed Efficiency |
| A young pig that has been weaned and is ready to feed out. The popular weight is 40 to 60 pounds. | Feeder Pig |
| Union of male and female sex cells to form an embryo. | Fertilization |
| The term is applicable to unborn offspring from the date of implantation to the termination of pregnancy. | Fetus |
| Ultimate unit in transmission of hereditary characteristics contained in chromosomes. | Gene |
| The period from implantation of the blastocyst in the endometrium until the termination of pregnancy | Gestation |
| A young female pig that has not farrowed. | Gilt |
| Special chemicals made by the body that cause changes in the body. | Hormone |
| A panel or board used to guide and move swine | Hurdle |
| An abbreviation for intramuscular injection, meaning injection into the muscle. | IM |
| Introduction of semen into the vagina by natural means or by artificial insemination. | Insemination |
| The number of square inches in a cross section of longissimus (loin) muscle. This is measured by cutting the loin between the 10th and 11th ribs and measuring the cut surface area of the muscle. | Loin Muscle Area |
| A hog that is full-fed up to 220-280 pounds that exhibits a large amount of skeletal muscle with a minimum of fat. These hogs grow rapidly and convert feed into lean tissue efficiently. | Meat Type Hog |
| A chemical compound that is needed by the body. Requirements vary by age and weight of the pig. | Nutrient |
| Release of egg from the ovarian follicle. | Ovulation |
| Egg cell. It is about one-fourth the size of the period at the end of this sentence. | Ovum |
| Abbreviation for phosphprus, an important mineral on a hog's diet. | P |
| Symbol expressing hydrogen ion concentration. Practically, it is a scale of the acidity of alkalinity of substances. The neutral point is 7; below 7, acidity increases and above 7, alkalinity increases. | pH |
| The period from implantation of the blastocyst until the expulsion or extraction of the fetus and placental membranes. | Pregnancy |
| Identifiable offspring of a sire or dam. | Progeny |
| A mixture of feeds containing high levels of proteins. The supplement is mixed with grain to provide the animal with enough protein | Protein Supplement |
| The amount (weight or volume) of feed provided to a hog for a 24-hour period. Also, a formula for mixing a specific quantity of feed. | Ration |
| From the standpoint of animal treatment, the medication that remains in the body after it is given is considered a residue. The medication level remaining following treatment is gradually reduced over time as the medication is utilized by the animal throu | Residue |
| Abbreviaition for soybean meal, a source of protein in a hog's diet. | SBM |
| Pouch covering the testis. | Scrotum |
| Hogs that are produced in a manner to be free of swine dysentery, brucellosis, turbinate atrophy and snout distoration, pneumonic lesions, pseudorabies, lice and mange. | SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) |
| A female pig that has produced at least one litter of pigs. | Sow |
| An abbreviation for subcutaneous injection, meaning injection under the skin. | SQ |
| Male hormone. A steroid hormone produced by cells of the testis independent from cells that produce spermatozoa. | Testosterone |
| High frequency sound waves used to observe the internal anatomy of the hog without the need for surgery or invasive techniques. It is often used in the swine industry to determine pregnancy status and for measurement of backfat depth and loin muscle area | Ultrasound |
| The long, flexiable tube that is attached to the placenta at one end and the abdomen of the fetus at the other. It is the lifeline of the fetus. Through vessels of the cord, the fetus receives nutrients and disposes of wastes. The cord continues to functi | Umbilical cord |
| The narrow tube through which urine from the kidneys passes into the bladder. | Ureter |
| Any bacterial or viral material for inoculation against a specific disease. Virus vaccines are of two types; live virus or killed virus vaccines. | Vaccine |
| A sheath. The female organ of copulation. A muscular canal that opens at the surface of the body and extends inward to the cervix. | Vagina |
| In the case of meat animals, it is the period of time that must elapse between the last treatment and the harvest (slaughter) of the animal. For milk-producing animals and egg laying poultry, it is the time that must elapse between the last treatment and | Withdrawal Time |
| The female sex-determining chromosome; females have two of them, males have only one. | X chromosome |
| The male sex-determining chromosome. | Y chromosome |
| The fertilized ovum, after the penetration of spermatozoa in the vitellus, and the formation of the male and female pronuclei at syngamy, until the completion of the first cleavage and formation of the two blastomere egg. | Zygote |
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jkoubsky
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