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Anth 401 Test 2
Anth401 Test 2 Dr. Williams
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 phases of fracture healing? | Reactive Phase, Reparative Phase, Remodeling Phase |
| What are the stages of the Reactive Phase? | Fracture and Formation of granulation tissue |
| What are the stages of the Reparative Phase? | Callus Formation and Lamellar Bone |
| What happens in the Remodeling Phase? | Callus is reduced |
| When does the Reactive Phase happen? | From time of fracture to 3-4 weeks |
| What is the time frame for the Reparative Phase? | 3-4 weeks to 2-3 months |
| What is the time frame for the Remodeling Phase? | 3 months+ |
| List the stages of remodeling. | Fracture, Formation fo Granulation Tissue, Callus Formation, Lamellar Bone, Remodeling |
| Define pseudoarthrosis. | Broken ends of bone never heal back togehter creating a false joint. |
| When does a hematoma form? | Stage 1 - The Fracture |
| Evidence of repair occurs when? | Two weeks. |
| Which bones do Le Fort Fracture occur on? | The skull |
| What is a Le Fort 1 Fracture? | Horizontal |
| What is a Le Fort 2 Fracture? | Pyramidal |
| What is a Le Fort 3 Fracture? | Transverse |
| Define a stellate fracture. | Result from extreme inbending at the point of stress impact due to high force levels. |
| Define depressed fracture of the skull. | Characterized by inbending and outbending, linear fractures may also occur. |
| Define hinge fracture. | Divides the skull at the base antero-posteriorly. |
| Define a diastatic fracture. | When cranial bones seperate at the sutures. |
| Define spondylolysis. | Detachment of the neural arch. It is a form of a fatigue fracture. |
| True or False: The 1st and 2nd ribs are easy to fracture. | False; They are somewhat protected and less often fractured. |
| What 2 categories do rib fractures most often fall into? | Transverse and oblique |
| Rib fractures in children occur where? | Front and Back |
| Rib fractures in adults occur where? | Sides |
| What bone is fractured with a Colles Fracture? | The distal radius |
| What do Colles Fractures result from? | Falling and are classified as a long energy (low force/stress) sheer. |
| What bone is fractured with a Perry Fracture? | Ulna |
| Define a Perry Fracture. | Defensive fracture |
| What bone is fractured with a jump fracture? | Acetabulum of the Os Coxa |
| How does a jump fracture occur? | Falling from a height onto an individuals side. |
| Define a jump fracture. | It is a direct tapping fracture in which the acetabulum is pushed internally by the femoral head. |
| What bone is fractured with a bumper fracture? | Tibia |
| How does a bumper fracture occur? | When a pedestrian is struck by a car's bumper resulting in a midshaft fracture. |
| What happens when a bone suffers from luxation? | It becomes dislocated |
| Why does dislocation usually occur in middle age adults? | For juveniles the epiphysis will usually seperate before the bone can become dislocated. In seniors the bones usually fracture before they can become dislocated. |
| What are the 2 most common joints to dislocate? | Shoulder and Hip |
| What are the 2 variables with Kinetic energy? | Velocity and Mass |
| Define muzzle velocity. | The speed of the bullet as it leaves teh barrel of the weapon. |
| Define yaw. | The measure of how tightly a bullet follows its trajectory. |
| Define rifling. | The stability of the bullet. |
| Why are high velocity bullets jacketed? | To keep the bullet from melting. It also serves to reduce air resistance and friction that can slow down the trajectory of the bullet. |
| Define penetrating. | If the bullet enters the body but does not exit. |
| Define perforating. | If the bullet enters and exits the body. |
| Define cavitation. | Tissue and organ damage by a bullet. |
| What is a gutter wound? | when a bullet skims across the surface creating a trough through the 3 layers of the cranium. |
| What is a keyhole fracture? | When the bullet penetrates the skull and removes the outer and inner layer of the skull. |
| What happens during a keyhole fracture when the bullet ducks under the bone? | The outer cranial surface breaks away. |
| What does the expanding broken away area show? | The direction of the bullet. |
Created by:
morganwilson2
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