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(Faith)Ch. 6 Vocab
Chapter 6 vocabulary on earthquakes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Large section of Earth's crust snd rigid upper mantle that moves around on the asthenosphere | Plate |
Surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break | Fault |
Vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault | Earthquake |
Break in rock caused by the tension forces, where rock above the fault surface moves down relative to the rock below the fault surface | Normal Fault |
Break in rock caused by compressive forces, where rock above the fault surface moves upward relative to the rock below the fault surface | Reverse Fault |
Break in rock caused by shear forces, where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement | Strike-Slip-Fault |
Rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter and space | Wave |
Wave generated by an earthquake | Seismic wave |
In an earthquake, the point below Earth's surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves | Focus |
Seismic wave that moves rock particles back-and-forth in the same direction that the wave travels | Primary Wave |
Seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave | Secondary Wave |
Seismic wave that moves rock particles up-and-down in a backward rolling motion and side-to-side in a swaying motion | Surface Wave |
Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus | Epicenter |
Instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived | Seismograph |
Highest point of a wave | Crest |
Measure of the energy released during an earthquake | Magnitude |
Occurs when wet soil acts like a liquid during an earthquake | Liquefaction |
Seismic sea wave that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore | Tsunami |