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68wm6 p2 STD's
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does herpes present? | *Fluid-filled vesicles on the cervix, labia, rectum, vulva, vagina, or skin of females *Fluid-filled vesicles on the glans penis, foreskin, or penile shaft of men. |
| How long does the initial lesions of herpes persist? | 3 - 10 days |
| How long does the recurrent lesions of herpes persist? | 7 - 10 days |
| What is the medical management of herpes? | *Lesions heal spontaneously *Lidocaine *Acyclovir (Zovirax) *Valacyclovir (Valtrex) *Famciclovir (Famvir) |
| What is the organism that causes syphilis? | T. Pallidum |
| How is syphilis transmitted? | *Transmission through sexual contact *Contact with infectious lesions *Sharing of needles *Prenatal infection is possible |
| What are the stages of syphilis? | *Primary Stage *Secondary Stage *Latent Stage *Tertiary Stage |
| How is syphilis diagnosed? | Lab tests: VDRL, RPR |
| What is the medical management of syphilis? | Parenteral penicillin (antibiotics) |
| What is the organism that causes gonorrhea? | N. gonorrhoeae (bacteria) |
| How is gonorrhea diagnosed? | Cultures |
| What is the medical management of gonorrhea? | *Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) *Cefixime (Suprax) |
| What happens if the vesicles from herpes rupture? | Vesicles may rupture and develop into shallow, painful ulcers that are erythematous with marked edema and tenderness. |
| Does the medical management of herpes cure it? | Not a cure for HSV, but it shortens the duration of viral shedding, the healing time of genital lesions, and suppresses 75% of recurrences with daily use |
| True or False: syphilis only affects the mucous membranes and the reproductive tract | False. The spirochete penetrates intact skin as well as openings in the mucous membranes of the genital organs, rectum, and mouth. |
| What is the primary stage of syphilis? | chancre appears (a painless erosion or papule that ulcerates superficially with a scooped-out appearance) |
| What is the secondary stage of syphilis? | *Skin rashes. *Moist, raised, gray-to-pink lesions of the genital or perirectal skin. *Enlarged lymph nodes |
| What is the Latent stage of syphilis? | *Dementia. *Pain or loss of sensation in the legs. *Destruction of the aorta. *Destructive inflammatory masses can appear in any organ |
| What is Type one herpes? | Cold sores ect |
| What is Type two herpes? | Sexually transmitted |
| What is the tertiary stage of syphilis? | *Heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular syphilis) often involved. *Central nervous system (neurosyphilis) often involved. *Tabes dorsalis. *Paresis. *Various psychoses may result. |
| How is syphilis diagnosed? | *Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide test. *Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR). |
| What should all PTs with syphilis be checked for as well? | Gonorrhea |
| What is the medical management of syphilis? | Parenteral penicillin (Tx of choice) |
| What is the organism that causes gonorrhea? | N. gonorrhoeae (Bacteria) |
| What is the incubation period of gonorrhea? | 3 - 5 days |
| What are the S/Sx of gonorrhea in men? | *Men may be asymptomatic after the incubation period but in a short time develop signs and symptoms. *Urethritis. *Dysuria. *Infection with a purulent discharge. *Edema of the affected area. |
| What are the S/Sx of gonorrhea in women? | *Most remain asymptomatic. *May have a greenish-yellow discharge from cervix. *Purulent discharge from the urethra. *Pruritus. *Burning and pain of the vulva *Vaginal engorgement and erythema *Abdominal pain and distention |
| What are the non-gender specific S/Sx of gonorrhea? | *Pharyngitis. *Tonsillitis. *Rectal burning, pruritus, purulent rectal discharge. |
| How is gonorrhea diagnosed? | Cultures from the site of infection isolate the organism and establish an identification. |
| Within how cultures from gonorrhea secretion are taken can a definitive diagnosis be provided? | 24 - 48 hours |
| What other infection has been found in 45% of gonorrhea cases? | Coexisting chlamydial infection |
| Fill in the blanks: Treatment of gonorrhea in the early stage __________ but ___________ is common. | is curable, recurrance |
| What is the medical management of gonorrhea? | *ceftriaxone (Rocephin) *cefixime (Suprax) |
| When is Tx of gonorrhea initiated without awaiting culture results? | if there is a history of sexual contact with a partner known to have gonorrhea |
| What should be avoided while on Tx for gonorrhea? | Intercourse and alchohol |
| What is the organism that causes Trichomoniasis? | T. vaginalis (protozoa) |
| Trichomoniasis affects what percentage of sexually active women and men? | 15% of women, and 10% of men. |
| What is the incubation period of Trichomoniasis? | 4 - 28 days |
| Fill in the blanks: T. vaginalis thrives when the vaginal mucosa is more _________ than normal | Alkaline |
| What percentage of women are asymptomatic of trichomoniasis? | 70% |
| What are the S/Sx of trich in men? | *Mild to severe transient urethritis. *Dysuria. *Urinary frequency. *Pruritus. *Purulent exudate. |
| What are the S/Sx of trich in women? | *Profuse, frothy, gray, green, or yellow, malodorous discharge. *Menorrhagia. *Dysmenorrhea *Pruritus. *Edema. *Tenderness of vagina. *Dysuria. |
| How is trich diagnosed? | microscopic examination of the vaginal discharge that identifies T. vaginalis. |
| What is the Tx of trich? | Oral metronidazole (Flagyl) in small doses for 7 days or a single large dose |
| What should the PT on Tx for trich avoid? | alcoholic beverages because alcohol can cause reaction with the medication such as disorientation, headache, cramps, vomiting, and possible convulsions. |
| What can metronidazole do to the PTs urine? | turn urine dark brown. |
| What is the medical name for venereal warts? | Condyloma |
| What causes condyloma? | human papilloma virus (HPV) |
| What is the medical management of condyloma? | *HPV cannot be cured, just removed *Podophyllin *Surgical removal *Frozen |
| What organism causes candidiasis? | Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis |
| When does candidiasis infection most often occur? | *when the glucose level rises from diabetes mellitus *when resistance is lowered from diseases such as carcinoma. |
| How is candidiasis diagnosed? | Gram stain |
| What is the medical management of candidiasis? | *Controlling diabetes mellitus *Discontinuing antibiotics/oral contraceptives *Nystatin (Mycostatin) |
| What are the common STDs chlamydia causes? | *Cervicitis and urethritis are the most common *Epididymitis *Sappingitis *PID *Conjunctivitis and pneumonia in newborns |
| What STD may be the most common, but due to it not being a reportable disease actual number of cases is unknown? | Chlamydia |
| Who is chlamydia most common in? | young, promiscuous, indigent, unmarried women who live in the inner city and in those who have a prior history of STDs. |
| True or False: Chlamydia may be asymptomatic | True |
| How is chlamydia diagnosed? | *Culturing *Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) |
| What is the medical management of chlamydia? | *Tetracycline *Doxycycline (Vibramycin) *Ofloxacin (Floxin) *Azithromycin (Zithromax) *Erythromycin |
| What chlamydia Tx is the drug of choice for use during pregnancy? | Erythromycin |
| What is being prescribed for primary herpes genitalis to shorten the duration of the healing of genital lesions? | acyclovir (Zovirax) |
| Acyclovir (Zovirax) suppresses what percentage of recurrance of herpes with daily use? | 75% |
| because of penicillin-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae, penicillin, the former drug of choice for treatment of gonorrhea, has been changed to what? | ceftriaxone (Rocephin) |
| What should most PTs with an STD wear? | Loose-fitting clothing and cotton underwear |
| What increases the pH of the vagina, and what organism thrives when the vaginal mucosa is more alkaline? | *Frequent douching and use of oral contraceptives and antibiotics raise the normal pH of the vagina *T. Vaginalis |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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