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Digestive System
Stack #74297
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alimentary Canal | oLong muscular tube oBegins at the mouth and ends at the anus oAccessory organs salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas |
| Mouth, Buccal, Oral Cavity | oFunction receives food as it enters the body |
| Digestive System | Also known as the GI system (gastrointestinal) Physical and chemical breakdown of food for use by body Alimentary canal and the accessory organs |
| Actions in the mouth | Tasted Broken down physically by teeth Lubricated Partially digested by saliva Swallowed |
| Teeth | physically broken down |
| Tongue | contains special taste receptors; aids in chewing and swallowing food |
| Taste Buds | Sweet & Salty(tip); Sour & Bitter |
| Hard Palate | bony structure = roof of mouth; separates mouth from nasal cavities |
| Soft Palate | behind hard palate; separates mouth from nasopharynx |
| Uvula | muscular structure that hands from middle of soft palate = prevents food from entering nasopharynx |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Salivary Glands | (3 pairs = parotid, sublingual, submandibular) oFunction of saliva lubricates during speech and chewing, moistens food and contains enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) |
| Salivary Amylase | breakdown of carbs (starches) into sugars |
| Bolus | food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva |
| Esophagus | muscular tube dorsal to trachea Carries bolus to stomach Peristalsis moves food toward stomach |
| Stomach | (blank) |
| Cardiac Sphincter | circular muscle between esophagus and stomach; close after food enters stomach; prevents food from going back up |
| Pyloric Sphincter | circular muscle between stomach and small intestine; keeps food in stomach until ready to enter small intestine |
| Chyme | food in converted into a semi-fluid material called chime |
| Gastric Juices | Hydrochloric acid kills bacteria, facilitates absorption, activates pepsin Enzymes |
| Hydrochloric Acid | kills bacteria, facilitates absorption, activates pepsin |
| Enzymes | •Lipase •Pepsin •Rennin |
| Lipase | starts chemical breakdown of fat |
| Pepsin | protein |
| Rennin | milk digestion aid for infants, not present in adults |
| Small Intestine | oAbout 20 feet long; 1 inch in diameter oReceives food from stomach in form of chyme o3 sections |
| Duodenum | first 9-10 inches •Bile enters through ducts of gallbladder and liver and pancreatic juice also via ducts/tubes |
| Jejunum | 8 feet; middle section |
| Ileum | final 12 feet •Connects to large intestine at cecum |
| Functions of small intestine | Digestion is completed •Products of digestion absorbed into blood stream for use of cells •Intestinal juices produced (by small intestine) contain enzymes that breakdown sugars into simpler forms |
| Intestinal Juices | complete protein, sugar, and fat digestion |
| Bile | emulsifies (physically breaks down) fat |
| Villi | lines small intestine; fingerlike projections; capillaries absorb digested nutrients and carry them to the liver; where they are stores or released for use of body cells |
| Pancreatic Juice | complete digestion process |
| Large Intestine | o About 5 feet long; 2 inches in diameter |
| Large Intestine Funcitons: | Absorption of waterAbsorption of any remaining nutrientsStorage of indigestible materials before elimination from bodySynthesis (formation) and absorption of B-complex vitamins and vitamin K by bacteria present in intestine Transportation of waste |
| Cecum | first section; connected to ileum (small intestine) |
| Ascending Colon | up on right side of body from cecum to lower part of liver |
| Transverse Colon | extends across abdomen |
| Descending Colon | extends down left side of body; connects with sigmoid |
| Sigmoid Colon | s-shaped; joins rectum |
| Rectum | 6-8 inches; storage area for indigestibles and waste |
| Anal Canal | opens at a hole = anus |
| Anus | opening; digestive waste is expelled through this opening |
| Vermiform Appendix | small projection |
| Liver | oLargest gland in the body oAccessory organ for digestive system oLocation: under diaphragm and in upper right quadrant of abdomen |
| Liver Functions (1) | Secretes bile; emulsifies fats; water soluble necessary for absorption Stores sugar in form of glycogen; released later as needed Stores iron and certain vitamins Produces heparin; prevents clotting of blood Produces cholesterol |
| Gallbladder | oSmall muscular sac oLocation: under liver, attached by connective tissue oStores and concentrates bile oBile needed to emulsify fats |
| Pancreas | oFish-shaped organ located behind the stomach oProduces pancreatic juices to digest food oProduces insulin which is secreted into the blood stream; regulates burning of carbohydrates to convert glucose into energy |
| Liver Functions (2) | Detoxifies substances; alcohol, pesticides Destroys bacteria in blood (taken in from intestine) |
Created by:
elizabeth265
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