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68wm6 p2 Can Rep Sys
Cancer of the Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What cultures have a higher incidence of cervical cancer? | *Hispanic American *African American *Native American |
| What is Diethylstilbestrol (DES)? | A cancer causing synthetic estrogen |
| Risk factors for Cervical cancer | *Herpes *Human papillomavirus *Sexual activity at early age with multiple partners *Frequent sexual activity *Presence of genital warts (condyloma) |
| Types of cervical cancer | *Dysplasia *Carcinoma in situ (CIS) Carcinoma in situ is an early-stage tumor *Invasive carcinoma |
| S/Sx of cervical cancer | *Postcoital bleeding *Leukorrhea *Feeling of pressure on the bladder or bowel *Spotting between periods *Pain radiating to lower extremities |
| What is the prognosis of cervical cancer? | Good if treated in the early stages |
| What is the most common malignant cancer of the female reproductive system? | Endometrial Cancer |
| Who is endometrial cancer the most common in? | More common in postmenopausal women |
| What increases the risk of endometrial cancer? | High-level estrogen |
| What is the most common and earliest symptom of endometrial cancer? | Bleeding |
| S/Sx of endometrial cancer | *Bleeding *Pain - usually a late symptom *Watery malodorous vaginal discharge. *Fever, bowel and bladder dysfunctions are a late sign |
| What is the primary Tx of endometrial cancer? | Hysterectomy |
| What is the second most common GYN cancer and the most common cause of gynecological death in the United States? | Ovarian cancer |
| S/Sx of ovarian cancer | *No pain (early) *Pain *Gastrointestinal symptoms *Menstrual irregularities *Pressure on the bladder/frequency /urgency *Ascites (late) *Weight loss/gain |
| An increase of what is suggestive of enlargement of the ovarian tumor? | CA 125 |
| What is the 5 year survival rate of stage I ovarian tumors? | 60% - 70% |
| What is the 5 year survival rate of stage II ovarian tumors | 0% - 40% |
| What is the breast cancer occurence in males? | 1 out of 100 |
| What is the breast cancer occurence in females? | 1 out of 8 |
| Risk factors for breast cancer | *Age over 50 *Family History *Genetics *Chronic alcohol use *Ethnicity (North American or Northern European decent) *Nulliparity *Having children after age 35 *Obesity |
| Where does breast cancer occur the most often? | In the upper/outer quadrants of the breast |
| S/Sx of malignant neoplasms | *Skin reddened or dark *Puckering or dempling (skin appearance of orange-peel) of tissue *Nipple discharge or skin retraction *Peeling or flaking of the nipple *Axillary tenderness |
| What is the most important prognosticator of breast cancer? | Positive/Negative axillary lymph node involvement |
| What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women 15 to 54 years of age? | Breast cancer |
| When should monthly BSE's begin? | At age 20 |
| When should CBEs be conducted? | CBE’s every 3 years between ages 20-40 CBE’s and every year after age 40 |
| What are the genetic markers for breast cancer? | BRCA1 & BRCA2 |
| Which diagnostic test is used to confirm a diagnosis of breast cancer? | Biopsies |
| What is stage I breast cancer? | < 2 cm, no regional or distant spread |
| What is stage II breast cancer? | > 2 cm or < 5 cm with or without moveable axillary nodes, but no metastasis |
| What is stage III breast cancer? | up to 5 cm with regional spread or > 5 cm without regional spread or metastasis |
| What is stage IV breast cancer? | tumor of any size, with or without regional spread, but distant metastasis |
| What are removed in a modified radical masectomy? | Breast tissue, nipple, and lymph nodes are removed, but muscles are left intact. |
| How many JP drains may a PT who received a masectomy have? | The patient may have as many as 4 J-P drains, 2 at the breast site and 2 at the donor site |
| What is the second most common malignant cancer in men 25 to 35 years of age? | Cancer of the testis |
| Who are the chances of having cancer of the testis higher in? | Men with cryptorchidism |
| What is seminoma? | Cancer of the testis |
| S/Sx of cancer of the testis | *Enlarged scrotum *Firm, painless, smooth mass *Patient may speak of a feeling of heaviness |
| When should males begin TSE's? | Monthly beginning at 15 years of age |
| What are the risk factors of cancer of the penis? | *Uncircumcised *Poor hygiene *Hx of STD |
| Who does penis cancer generally occur in? | men over 50 years of age |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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