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Anatomy_Neuro_Lec8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sensory Tracts | Ascending pathways that transmit sensory information from the periphery to the CNS |
| 2 major tracts involved in the Conscious Perception of External stimuli | Spinothalamic Tract (within the anterolateral system)and the Dorsal Column (Medial-Lemniscal system) |
| 1 Major tract involved with the unconscious perception of external stimuli | Spinocerebellar tract |
| 3 Tracts within the Anterolateral System | Spinothalamic, Spinoreticular, Spinomesencephalic |
| Spinothalamic Tract | Transmits pain, temperature, light tough, pressure, tickle & itch |
| Spinoreticular Tract | Transmits pain |
| Spinomesencephalic Tract | Transmits pain and touch |
| Dorsal Column System | Transmits 2-point discrimination, proprioception, pressure, and vibration |
| Fassciculus Gracilis | Sensory information from inferior portion of body |
| Fasciculus Cuneatus | Sensory from superior portion of body |
| Postcentral Gyrus | Sensory area (primary sensory cortex), found in the anterior parietal lobe along the coronal plane; concerned with recognition of sensations of your skin, muscle and joints |
| Upper Motor Neurons | Lie solely within the brain and spinal cord whose cell bodies originate in the cortex and connect to lower motor neurons either directly or through interneurons |
| Lower Motor Neurons | Cell bodies lie in the CNS with axons going outside the periphery (think "nerves" that innervate skeletal muscle) |
| 3 Basic Steps of Voluntary Movement | Stimulation of the Upper Motor Neurons in the premotor areas of the cortex, Axons form descending tracts, LMNs are then stimulated which stimulate skeletal muscles to contract |
| Motor Tracts | Descending pathways that carry the action potentials from the cerebellum to the brainstem or spinal cord |
| Pyramidal System | Motor Pathway, provides conscious, voluntary control or skilled movement or skeletal musculature. Maintains muscle tone, controls speed and precision of movement |
| lateral Pyramidal Sub-Tract | a Corticospinal Tract: Movement of the neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs |
| anterior Pyramidal Sub-Tract | a Corticospinal Tract: Movements of the neck and trunk |
| Coricospinal Tract | Pyramidal Tract Involved in movements below the head |
| Corticobulbar Tract | Involved with movements of the head and face |
| ExtraPyramidal System | Indirect pathway, Provides unconscious control (reflex-like, but not ANS-can be overridden) bu modulating or altering sensitivity of lower motor neurons to descending pyramidal control output |
| Rubrospinal Tract | extrapyramidal tract, coordination of movements |
| Vestibulopinal Tract | extrapyramidal tract, Maintenance of upright posture and balance |
| Reticulospinal Tract | extrapyramidal tract, Adjustments to posture and walking |
| Tectospinal Tract | extrapyramidal tract, Movements of the head and neck in response to visual and auditory reflexes |
| Basal Ganglia | Important in planning, organizing and coordinating motor movements and posture. Stimulates the initiation of movement, Inhibit muscles that would be antagonists to those producing the desired movements |
| Cerebellum | Consists of Flocculonodular Lobe, Spinocerebellum, and Cerebrocerebellum |
| Flocculonodular lobe | Coordinates eye movements, helps control balance, also gets input from he vestibular structures the ear |
| Spinocerebellum | made up of the vermis and medial portion of the lateral hemispheres, main function is to compare the intended motion with the actual movement and make the appropriate corrections to facilitate smooth, coordinated movements |
| Cerebrocerebellum | made up of the 2/3rds of the lateral hemispheres, main functions is to communicate with the motor, pre-motor andpre-rontal cortex to plan and practice rapid complex motor actions |
| Brainstem Functions | Houses the major ascending and descending tracts, Important in controlling and regulating some somatic motor output and reflexes, Many vital functions (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration) |
| Reticular Activating System (RAS) | Involved with regulating cyclical motor functions. Other branches of sensory tracts proect inot the reticular formation to stimulate wakefulness and consciousness |
| Superior Temporal area | auditory processes and olfaction |
| Parietal Lobe | gestation (the conception or development or an idea or plan) |
| Lower frontal Lobe | Broca's Motor Speech area, damage affects ability to produce language efficiently |
| Posterior Temporal Lobe | Wernicke's area, conceptualization and formulation of spoken though |
| Posterior -Parietal Lobe | Complex judgements and synthesis of information |
| Prefrontal Cortex | Goal Setting, planning, behavioral perspective |
| Anterior part of the frontal lobe | cognition and mental activity |
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