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CHAPTER 5 ALL ABOUT
ALL ABOUT MOTHERBOARD
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The latest Intel socket works with DDR3 memory and Used by Processor Family Core i7 is called | LGA1366 or Socket B. |
| Chipset control | Memory, motherboard buses, some peripherals |
| The primary PCI Express slot, the slot designated for the video card, has direct access to the North Bridge, but other PCI Express slots must access the processor by way of the slower. | South Bridge |
| A________connects the system bus to the legacy parallel and serial ports. | Super I/O |
| The fast end of the hub, which contains the graphics and memory controller, connects to the system bus and is called the hub’s | North Bridge or Memory controller hub |
| Slower end of hub and Contains I/O controller hub. | South Bridge chipset or I/O controller hub |
| The latest Intel chipset for desktop PCs is the | X58 chipset |
| A bus that does not run in sync with the system clock is called an ___________and always connects to the slow end of the chipset, the South Bridge | expansion bus |
| NVIDIA nForce chipset work with | AMD and Intel processors. |
| Connecting multiple video cards in same system is called | SLI by NVIDIA and CrossFire by ATI Technologies |
| Most buses today are local buses, meaning they run in sync with the system clock. If a local bus connects to the slower I/O controller hub or South Bridge of the chipset, it is called a | local I/O bus |
| Command to CPU to wait for slower device called | Wait state |
| AGP bus replaced by | PCI Express |
| When you purchase a motherboard, the package includes an __________, which is the plate that you install in the computer case that provides holes for these I/O ports. | I/O shield |
| The first had a 32-bit data path, supplied 5 V of power to an expansion card,and operated at 33 MHz. It was the first bus that allowed expansion cards to run in sync with the CPU is called | PCI bus |
| Settings on the motherboard are used to enable or disable a connector or port, set the frequency of the CPU, system bus, or other buses, control security features, and control what happens when the PC first boots. In the past was done in three ways: | DIP switches, jumpers, and CMOS RAM |
| Computers today store most configuration information in | CMOS RAM, also called the realtime clock/non-volatile RAM (RTC/NVRAM) chip |
| Hard boot (cold boot) | initializes the processor and clears memory |
| Soft boot (warm boot) | Use operating system to reboot, and saves time in most circumstances |
| The Startup Bios | is programming contained on the firmware chip on the mortherboard that is responsible for getting the system up and going, and finding the OS to load |
| Runs POST and assigns system resources,and program searches for and loads an OS,OS configures system and completes its own loading,Application software is loaded and executed | Startup BIOS |
| For a successful boot | a hard drive must contain a healthy Master Boot Record (MBR) and a healthy OS boot record |
| A drive is laid in a series of Concentric circles called | Tracks |
| Each track is diveded into segments and Holds up to 512 bytes of data called | Sectors |
| OS boot record | 512-byte sector,Second sector on drive behind MBR,Contains small program pointing to a larger OS program file (BootMgr or Ntldr) |
| The Process of upgrading or refreshing the ROM BIOS chip called | Flash BIOS |
| You can install a BIOS updates by | a bootable floppy disk and bootable USB drive or bootable CD |
| Motherboard settings was done in three diffrent ways: | DIP switches, jumpers, CMOS setup program |
| CMOS setup program Stored on | ROM BIOS chip or floppy disk |
| The four system resources on a motherboard that the the OS processor use to interact with hardware called | IRQ lines, I/O addresses, memory addresses DMA chanels |
| A line of a motherboard bus that a hardware device or expansion slots can use to signal the CPU that the device needs attention. | IRQ numbers |
| Numbers assigned to hardware devices that software uses to send a command to a device. | I/O addresses |
| Numbers asigned to a phisical memory located either in RAM or ROM chips and software can access this memory by using these addresses. | Memory addresses |
| A number designating a chanel on which the device can pass data to memory without involving the CPU. | DMA chanels |
| ___________contain the programming code to manage POST and the system BIOS and to change BIOS settings. CMOS RAM holds configuration information | ROM chips |
| Startup BIOS controls the beginning of the boot. It first checks critical hardware components in a process called POST (power on self test). It then looks to the boot device priority order stored in _______to know which device will be used to load the | CMOS RAM |
| The next sector on the drive contains the OS boot record. The first file that the OS used to load the OS is | BootMgr for Windows Vista and Ntldr for Windows XP |
| the Master Boot Record (MBR), contains two items. | The first item is the master boot program, which is needed to locate the beginning of the OS on the drive. The second item is called the partition table. This table tells BIOS how many partitions the drive has, where each partition begins and ends. |
| A ____________ card can use either a 3.3-V or 5-V slot and contains both notches. | Universal PCI |
| PCI express currently comes in four deiffrent slot sizes | PCI X1, X4, X8, X16 |
| ___________introduced the 64-bit, 3.3-V PCI slot, doubling data throughput of the bus. | PCI Version 2.x |
| What is the maximun wattage that a PCIe version 2.0 expansion card can draw? | 300W to the card come from the slot(75W, from the 8-pin connector(150W),and 75W come from a second auxiliary connector on the motherboard. |
| What is the maximun wattage that a PCIe version 1.1 expansion card can draw? | 225W by allowing two 6-pin connectors from the power supply(150W) and 75W from the slot. |
| What is the maximun wattage that the original PCIe expansion card can draw? | 150W(75W from pins on the expansion slot and 75W from the six pin connectors from the power supply) |
| If you install a PCIe version 1.X card in a PCIe version 2.0 slot,or if you install a PCIe Version 2.0 card in a PCIe Version 1.x slot | The slot runs at lower speed to accommodate the card |
| If you installing an expansion into a case that does not have enough clearance above the motherboard for the card, what device can you use to solve the problem? | Use a PCI Riser card that provides expansion slots for other cards |
| If you install an AGP 3.0 card an older AGP 1.5V slot | The card might not work but the card will not be damaged |
| What are the three diffrent voltages that a AGP slots can provide? | 3.3V, 1.5V, 0.8 |
| TO reduce the total cost of a computer system, some motherboads might have a small expansion slot, about the length of PCIe X1 slot. This small slot can be an | AMR, CNR, ACR |
| A__________ uses a serial bus, Not Backward Compatible with PCI AND Connects Directly to the South Bridge. | PCI Express |
| The functions performed during the boot can be divided into four parts | 1.The startup Bios runs the POST and assigns resources 2.The startup BIOS program seaches an OS 3.The OS configures the system and complete its own loading. 4.Application sofware is loaded and executed. |
| How can you freeze the screen during POST so that you can read the BIOS information and causes POST to halt? | unplug keyboard before starting computer or pressing the Pause/Break key |
| This _________determine which processors a board can support. | socket and the chipset |
| The__________Core 2 Extreme used on high-end workstations and low-end servers. Works with DDR2 memory on boards that have two processor sockets | LGA771 or Socket J |
| The___________Works with DDR3 and DDR2 memory. Most popular Intel socket. Used by Processor Family: core 2, pentuim, and many celeron processors. | LGA775 or Socket T |
| A___________Socket Used by Processor Family Phenom II and Works with DDR3 memory. | AM3 or AMD3 |
| A___________Used by Processor Family Phenom II, Phenom, and Athlon. Works with DDR2 memory | AM2+ or AMD2+ |
| A_____________Used by Processor Family Athlon and Sempron. Works with DDR2 memory. | AM2 or AMD2 |
| A_____________Used by Processor Family Athlon and Sempron. Works with DDR memory. | Socket 754 |
| A_____________Used by Processor Family Athlon. Works with DDR memory. | Socket 940 |
| The________slots can use 32-bit and 64-bit PCI or PCI-X cards, backward compatible with conventional PCI cards. PCI-X is being replaced by PCI Express | PCI-X |
| The partition is used for booting is called | active partition or volume |
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