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Micro Spicer Ex1 Voc
Microbiology, Exam 1 Vocabulary, Spicer, Bastyr
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe Microbiology: | Micro: small Bio: living Logy: study of |
| Microbe: | These small living things can be referred to as: - microorganisms, - microbes, - “bugs”, “superbugs”, - or worse: plagues, pestilence, pox, contagions. |
| Prokaryote | All bacteria |
| Eukaryote | animal and plant cells. |
| Taxonomy | The systematic classification of living things. |
| Genus –vs- species | |
| Acellular particle | A microbe that is not composed of cells. |
| Virus | Because viruses are acellular! They are often referred to as “infectious agents” or “infectious particles”, not microorganisms or microbes. But they are definitely “micro in size, being the smallest particles capable of life which are known to us. |
| Virion | A complete, infections virus particle (A virus that contains all of its parts.) |
| Viroid | Infectious RNA molecule (RNA molecules capable of causing certain PLANT diseases) |
| Prion | Infections protein molecules (proteins capable of causing certain diseases of ANIMALS and HUMANS) |
| Bacteria | Microorganisms in the domain bacteria |
| Protozoa | Eucaryotic organisms found in soil and water, more animal like than plant like, have organelles but not chlorophyll. |
| Fungus | Eucaryotic, non photosynthetic microorganisms that can be either saprophytic or parasitic. |
| Helminth | Parasitic worm |
| Pathogen | Disease causing microorganism or "germ" |
| Dermatophyte | Fungi that cause superficial mycoses of the skin, hair and nails, (cause tinea or ringworm infections |
| Mycosis (with examples) | A fungal disease, tinea (ringworm) athletes foot |
| Oncogenic virus (with examples) | Viruses capable of causing cancer. |
| Peptidoglycan | Complex structure found in the cell walls of bacteria, consisting of carbohydrates and proteins. |
| Obligate aerobe | An organism that requires 20 to 21% O2 in air to exist. |
| Obligate anaerobe | An organism that can not survive in O2. |
| Generation time | The time required for a cell to split into two doubling cells, also called doubling time. |
| Pure culture | Only one type of organism is growing in a solid or liquid medium in the laboratory. |
| Sterilization | The destruction of ALL microbes on something. (surgical instruments) |
| Disinfection | Destroying pathogens and their toxins, (but not all microbes). |
| Zoonosis | Infectious disease transmissible from animals to humans; also known as zoonotic diseases |
| Fomites | Inatimate objects or substances capable of absorbing and transmitting a pathogen (slothing, bed linens, towels, eating utensils, etc...) |
| Epidemiology | The study of relations of various factors that determine the frequency and distribution of diseases. |
| Endemic | A disease that is always present in a community or geographic area. |
| Epidemic | A disease that is occurring in a higher than usual amount of the population during a given time period. |
| Pandemic | A disease occurring in Epic proportions in several to many countries. sometimes worldwide. |
| Communicable –vs.- contagious disease | |
| Flagella | Whip like organelles of motility |
| Pili | Hairlike surface projections possessed by some bacteria. Most are organelles of attachment some are used for reproduction; also called fimbriae. |
| Endospore | Thick walled resistant body formed within a bacterial cell for the purpose of survival. |
| Virulence | A measure of pathogenicity |
| Transferrin | Glycoprotein synthesized in the Liver, used to store iron and deliver it to host cells. |
| Thermophiles: | love heat. Are found in hydrothermal vents, hot springs, compost piles. Highest recorded temperature for bacterial life: 113 degrees Celsius! |
| mesophiles: | prefer moderate temperatures found in warm soil, water. |
| psychrophiles: | prefer cold temperatures, as in cold ocean water, high altitudes, arctic & alpine soils, and refrigerators. Some will produce “antifreeze” to protect their membranes from freezing. |
| HALOPHILIC: | likes a salty environment! Can be found in the Great Salt Lake, evaporation ponds, sea water. |
| haloduric: | An organism which can survive salt is called HALODURIC. Staphylococcus aureus is an example. |
| Obligate aerobes: | need oxygen |
| Microaerophiles: | prefer reduced amounts of oxygen |
| Obligate anaerobes: | are poisoned by oxygen |
| hypertonic solution, | more particles, creating pressure into the solution. |
| hypotonic solution: | , less particles, creating pressure away from solution. |
| isotonic solution: | equal pressure in & out |
| communicable disease | can be transmitted from 1 person to another. Example: gonorrhea (bacteria) |
| contagious disease | is easily transmitted from 1 person to another. Example: influenza (virus) |
| Endemic | diseases always present within a population in a particular geographic area. |
| Epidemic | diseases with greater than usual number of cases of a disease in a particular region, usually within a short time period. |
| Pandemic | diseases that occur in epidemic proportions in many countries simultaneously. |
| FOMITES: | inanimate objects capable of transmitting pathogens: doorknobs, handles, keyboards, pens, silverware, faucets, things you touch hundreds of times each week! |
Created by:
bastyr41
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