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MICRO3
Disorders of the Immune Response
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS | HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS |
| TYPE I | TYPE I |
| What are type 1 reactions? | Anaphylactic response |
| What is its speed? | Very quick |
| What antibodies is it based upon? | IgE |
| Where does the IGE bind? | Binds to mast cells |
| What are the steps of the Type One response? | 1. Allergen binds to IgE, mast cells degranulate, histamine released, leukotrines and prostaglandins are made |
| TYPE ONE DISEASES | TYPE ONE DIESEASES |
| What are the three types? | Localized and systemic anaphylaxis, and Type one autoimmune disease |
| What is localized anaphlaxis? what does it cause and why? | Animal dander; causes hives due to histamine |
| SYSTEMIC ANAPHLAXIS | SYSTEMIC |
| What are the two types? | Food allergy and nicillin allergy |
| What is a type one autoimmune disease? | Infectious disease, like cross reacting antibodies |
| TYPE TWO | TYPE TWO |
| What kind of reactions are they? | Cytotoxic reactions |
| What antibodies are they due to/ | IgG and IgM |
| Where are the antigens located? | On membranes |
| What do they lead to? | Complement activation |
| TYPE TWO DISEASES | TYPE TWO DISEASES |
| Name the five diseases: | 1. ABO blood type 2. Rh Incombatability 3. Drug induced cyto rxns 4. Graves Disease 5. Myasthenia Gravis |
| Why do we have antibodies against AB if we're O? | B/c we have normal floral that looks like an antigen |
| What is Rh? | protioen on RBC |
| When is the only time blood gets from fetus to mom and vice versa? | At birth |
| What does happen when we have the third baby and some blood is transferred? | IgG gets active, and attacks fetus RBC...NO! |
| How do we stop this? | Give mom some rogam |
| When is the only time this is a problem what + and - WRT baby and mom? | When the baby is Rh+, but mom is Rh- |
| What happens in drug induced cytotoxic reactions? | Drug sticks to plateletts, lyse plateletts -->improper clotting |
| What diseases are caused in this reaction/ | Thrombocytopenic perpura and hemolytic anemia |
| TYPE III | TYPE III |
| What kind of reactions are they? | Immune complex reactions |
| What two antibodies are important here? | IgM and IgG |
| Are they solube or insoluble anitgens in this reaction?Thus, where are teh antigens located? | Solube antigens, so they're in serum and not in cell membrane |
| What do they allow? | Complement activation |
| What are the diseases associated with type III? | Glomerular nephritis |
| What is associated with type III automimmune diseases? | Systemic lupus erythematosus and Rheumatoid arthritis |
| What is glomerular nephritis? | rare, but big problem |
| What are the steps involved in its activation? See fig. 19.6 | 1. Complex in cell wall 2. Neutrophils attracted 3. Enzymes released from neutrophils damage endothelial cells |
| What does SLE cause? | butterfly rash |
| TYPE IV | TYPE IV |
| What kind of reactions are they? | Cell-mediated reactions |
| What does it mean for them to have delayed type sensitivity? | Tkaes a while for them to happen after you see antigen |
| What are the characteristics in the initial sensitization WRT time period? | First time you see it, it takes a long time |
| What are the steps of activation? | 1. Mac or Dend cells process antigen, 2. activate H-t cells and Delay t-cells, and form T memory cells |
| What's special about the t-memory cells formed? | They actually cause a problem when you see the thing a second tim |
| NEXT CONTACT WITH ANTIGEN | AFTER MEMORY CELLS HAVE BEEN CREATED |
| What are the steps now? | 1. Mac or dend cells process antigen, 2. activate memory t-cells 3. go to infected area 4. cause cells and cytokines to be released |
| What do the cells and cytokines cause? | swelling and inflammation-->more macrophages called |
| TYPE IV DISEASES | TYPE IV DISEASES |
| What is one in an infection? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| What does it cause? Which is a ? | Granuloma; lesion |
| What are allergic conact dermatitis? | Poison ivy and latex allergy |
| HISTIOCOMPATABILITY Antigens | ANTIGENS |
| What are they assocaited witH/ | Reactions against MHC molecules |
| MHC molecules hold a role in what process in regards to organs? | Tissue typing |
| OTHER IMMUNE DISORDERS | OTHER IMMUNE DISORDERS |
| What are most drugs? What does this mean? | Haptens--They need to stick to something to initiate antibody response |
Created by:
talkglitter2486