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Geology of NP

Geology of National Parks Mid Term

QuestionAnswer
Another term used by geologists for sedimentary rock is: soft rocks
Which of the following are considered carbonate rocks? limestone and dolomite
The most importnat geologic resource is ground water (none of the above)
The unsaturated sone relative to ground water is called? zone of aeration or vadose zone
The saturated and unsaturated zones are separated by the: water table
A landscape dominated by solutional features such as caves, closed surface depressions, sinking streams and large springs is called: karst topography
Mammoth Cave is found in which of these rock formations? St. Louis Limestone, St. Genevieve Limestone, and Girkin Formation (all of the above)
The common landscape feature in Mammoth Cave National Park is a funnel-shaped closed depression formed by solution or collapse of a cavern roof: sinkhole
Water dropping from the ceiling of a cave hits the floor and deposits a mound shaped like a totem pole called a: stalagmite
When a fracture system is filled by secondary calcite that is left stnading in relief after much of the surrounding original rock is dissolved is called: boxwork
Wind Cave National Park has which of these types of formations? cave popcorn, frostwork, and boxwork (all of the above)
Nodular, grap-like protrusions formed where water seeps out of pores in the rock wall of caves are called: cave popcorn
Which of these National Parks is located in the southeastern corner of New Mexico? Carlsbad Caverns National Park
Which of these two parks share nearly the same geologic setting of massive reef and bedded back-reef limestones? Carlsbad Caverns and Guadalupe Mountains National Parks
This cave was formed mainly by sulfuric acid in ground water dissolving the rock: Carlsbad Caverns
Which of these National Parks has the most abundant stalactites and stalagmites? Carlsbad Caverns National Park
The deepest cave in the United States is found in: Carlsbad Caverns National Park (Lechuguilla Cave, 116 miles deep) none of the above
This National Park contains one of the largest fossil reefs in the world: Guadalupe Mountains National Park
A submerged resistant mound or ridge formed by the accumulation of plant and animal skeletons is called: reef
A cylindrical-shaped marine invertebrate that live either singly or with others in a colony is called: coral
Which of the following is true about the Greater Antilles: they core consists of volcanic rock and they formed along a subduction zone
Which of the following has (have) been important in shaping the beaches at Virgin islands National Park? bottom topography offshore, tidal currents and wind/wave dynamics (all of the above)
Which of the following is true about Everglades national Park? climate and sea level have remained relatively unchanged in teh last five thousand years.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the interior of the Florida peninsula south of Orlando? it is unlain by igneous rocks
Everglades national Park is primarily underlain by this type of bedrock: limestone
The ecosystems in Everglades National Park are defined and determined by: climatic conditions, elevation in relation to sea level and to the water table, and geologic aspects of the surface and subsruface material (all of the above)
Whicho f the following is NOT an ecosystem in the Everglades National Park? tundra zones
A rock unit of moderate to high permeablitly from which groundwater can be pumped is called: aquifer
Which of these national parks is located at the western end of the Florida Keys? Dry Tortugas National Park (none of the above)
This is the dominant reff-building corals in the Dry Tortugas? Brain coral and star coral
T/F: Metamorphic rocks are the dominant type of rock found in caves and reefs. False, sedimentary
T/F: Dolomite can be considered both a rock and a mineral. True
T/F: Limestone and dolomite are two distinct types of rocks that are rarely found together. False, dolomite forms by replacing limestone
T/F: More ground water is stored in the rocks of North America than all the surface water held in rivers, reservoirs and lakes. True
T/F: The saturated zone relative to ground water is called the phreatic zone. True
T/F: Ground water is slightly acidic and therfore is able to slowly dissolve carbonate rocks. True
T/F: Travertine is a dense finely crystalline type of limestone that occurs in cave formations. True
T/F: One of the early guides and the first truly great cave explorer in Mammoth Cave was a black slave named Stephen Bishop. True
T/F: Wind cave fot its name from the noise that was made by air passing in and out of the original opening that was only 8-12 inches in size. True
T/F: Contorted cave deposits that angle or twist erratically are called helictites or helictite bushes. True
T/F: The Black Hills are a domal structure surrounded by uptilted sedimentary rocks. True
T/F: The core of the Black Hills is composed primarily of sedimentary rocks. False
T/F: The around Carlsbad Caverns National Park would be considered a karst topography region. False
T/F: Karst topography features are more likely to be found in an arid or semi-arid region than in a humid region. False
T/F: Nearly all the caves in Carlsbad Caverns National Park are inactive today after being abandoned by the water that formed them. True
T/F: Most of the large speleothems in Carlsbad Caverns National Park are not actively growing today and are in the process of drying out due to a drier climate today than in the past. True
T/F: Capitan Reef is one of the largest fossil reefs in the world. True
T/F: The most striking feature of Carlsbad Caverns National Park is the thousand-foot-high El Capitan Cliff composed entirely of reef limestone. False, it is in Guadalupe Mts National Park
T/F: Reef sediments are usually transported great distances and are usually regular in size and shape. False, they are irregular in size and shape.
T/F: During Permian Time, the Capitan Reef area lay in the equatorial belt, far away from its present location in New Mexico and Texas. True
T/F: The Virgin Islands lie at the extreme western end of the Greater Antilles island chain. False
T/F: Ground water is the chief source of fresh water in the Virgin Islands. False, it is rainwater.
T/F: Elkhorn coral is one of the dominant corals that make up the reef crest in Virgin Islands National Park. True
T/F: Reef terraces along the coasts of the Caribbean islands formed repeatedly during the Pleistocene Epoch (Ice Ages). True
T/F: The main source of sand for the beaches at Virgin Islands National Park is from the volcanic rocks at the core of the islands. False
T/F: Buck Island Reef on the island of St. Croix has some of the most massive specimens of elkhorn corals in the world. True
T/F: The loss of a great deal of fresh water in recent times has created an ecological crisis in the Everglades National Park. True
T/F: Mangrove trees are the only trees that can tolerate salt water. True
T/F: During periods of drought or excessive pumping of freshwater, salty or brackish water moves up tidal inlets and invades areas of fresh ground water. True
T/F: Mangroves are important geologically because they catch and hold silt and debris which function to extend the shoreline and create new land. True
Mammoth Cave National Park is where? Kentucky
Wind Cave National Park is where? South Dakota
Carlsbad Caverns National Park is where? New Mexico
Guadalupe Mountains National Park is where? Texas
Everglades National Park is where? Florida
Created by: cbridges
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