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HESWK4
Essentials of Nursing Care: Health Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Body temperature | the balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat lost from the body |
| Core temperature | the temperature of the deep tissues of the body |
| Surface temperature | the temperature of tissue, such as subcutaneous tissue and fat |
| Radiation | the transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects |
| Conduction | the transfer of heat from one molecule to another in direct contact |
| Convection | the dispersion of heat through air currents |
| Vaporization | continuous evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract, oral mucosa and skin |
| Insensible water loss | continuous and unnoticed water loss |
| Insensible heat loss | heat loss that occurs from evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract, mucosa of the mouth, and the skin |
| Pyrexia | a body temperature above the normal range; fever |
| Hypothermia | core body temperature below the lower limit of normal |
| Hyperthemia | extremely high body temperature |
| Pulse | the wave of blood within an artery that is created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart |
| Respiration | the act of breathing, transport of oxygen from the atmosphere to the body cells and of carbon dioxide from the cells to the atmosphere |
| Blood pressure | the force exerted on arterial walls by blood flowing within the vessels |
| Apical pulse | a central pulse located at the apex of the heart |
| Pulse deficit | the difference between the apical and radial pulse |
| Adventitious breath sounds | abnormal or acquired breath sounds |
| Palpation | the examination of the body using the sense of touch |
| Percussion | a method in which the body surface is struck to elicit sounds or vibrations |
| Auscultation | the process of listening to sounds produced within the body |
| Korotkoff sounds | a series of five sounds produced by blood within the artery with each ventricular contraction |
| Systolic pressure | the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the heart contracts |
| Diastolic pressure | the pressure of the blood against the arterial walls when the heart is at rest |
| Pulse pressure | the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures |
| Coping | dealing with change |
| Burnout | a complex syndrome of behaviors that can be likened to the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome |
| femoral, popliteal,posterior tibial, and pedal (dorsalis pedis | |
| five phases of Korotkoff’s sounds | Phase 1 is the pressure level at which the first faint, clear tapping or thumping sounds are heard. These sounds gradually become more intense. The first tappingsound heard during deflation of the cuff is the systolic blood pressure. |
| Phase 2 is the period during deflation when the sounds have a muffled, whooshing, or swishing sound. | |
| Phase 3 is the period during which the blood flows freely through an increasingly open artery and the sounds become crisper and more intense and again assume a thumping quality but softer than in phase 1. | |
| Phase 4 is the time when the sounds become muffled and have a soft, blowing quality. | |
| Phase 5 is the pressure level when the last sound is heard. This is followed by a period of silence. The pressure at which the last sound is heard is the diastolic blood pressure in adults. | |
| The four methods used in physical examination | inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. |
| The concepts of stress as a stimulus, response, and transaction | In stimulus |
| Transaction | based |
| the work of Lazarus (1966) who stated that the stimulus and | |
| response theories do not consider individual differences. The Lazarus transactional stress theory encompasses a set of cognitive, affective, and adaptive (coping) responses that arise out of person environment transactions. | |
| three stages of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome | Selye’s stress response (mentioned above) is characterized by a chain or pattern of physiologic events |
| called the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). The three stages of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome are alarm reaction (which is divided into two parts: the shock phase and the countershock phase), stage of resistance, and stage of exhaustion. | |
| four levels of anxiety | mild, moderate, severe, and panic |
| behaviors related to specific ego defense mechanisms | compensation, denial, displacement, identification, intellectualization,introjection, minimization, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, repression, |
| sublimation, substitution, and undoing. | |
| coping strategies | Problem focused coping refers to efforts to improve a situation by making changes or taking someaction. |
| Emotion focused coping includes thoughts and actions that relieve emotional distress. It does not improve the situation, but the person often feels better. Both types of strategies usually occur together. |
Created by:
razots
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