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AP WPR 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Filibuster | a tactic used by senators to block a bill by continuing to hold the floor and speak-under the senate rule of unlimited debate-until the bill’s supporters back down |
| Executive Office of the President | the group of policy related offices that serves as support staff to the president |
| Power of the Purse | The Constitutional power of congress to raise and spend money. Congress can use this as a negative or checking power over the other branches by freezing or cutting their funding. |
| Speaker of the House | The elected leader of the House of Representatives |
| oversight | Congressional efforts to make sure that laws are implemented correctly by the bureaucracy after they have been passed. |
| bureaucracy | the system of civil servants and political appointees who implement congressional or presidential decisions; also known as the administrative state. |
| standing | legitimate justification for bringing a civil case to court. |
| Selective Incorporation | the process through which the civil liberties granted in the Bill of Rights were applied to the states on a case-by-case basis through the 14th amendment. |
| Civil Rights | Rights that guarantee individuals freedom from discrimination. These rights are generally grounded in the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment and more specifically laid out in laws passed by Congress, such as the 1964 Civil Rights Act. |
| Jurisdiction | The sphere of a court's legal authority to hear and decide cases. |
| Delegate | individuals who attend their party’s national convention and vote to select their party’s nominee for the presidency. Delegates are elected in a series of primaries and caucuses that occur during winter and spring of an election year. |
| Trustee | a member of congress who represents constituents’ interests while also taking into account national, collective, and moral concerns that sometimes cause the member to vote against the preference of a majority of constituents. |
| Politico | A member of congress who acts as a delegate on issues that constituents care about (such as immigration reform) and as a trustee on more complex or less salient issues (some foreign policy or regulatory matters). |
| Substantive Representation | When a member of Congress represents constituents' interests and policy concerns |
| Descriptive Representation | When a member of Congress shares the characteristics (such as gender, race, religion, or ethnicity) of his or her constituents. |
| Pork Barrel Spending | legislative appropriations that benefit specific constituents', created with the aim of helping local representatives win reelection. |
| Incumbency Advantage | The relative infrequency with which members of Congress are defeated in their attempts for reelection. |
| Executive Agreement | An agreement between the executive branch and a foreign government, which acts as a treaty but does not require Senate approval. |
| Executive Orders | Proclamations made by the president that change government policy without congressional approval. |
| Executive Privilege | The right of the president to keep executive branch conversations and correspondence confidential from the legislative and judicial branches. |
| Power to Persuade | The theory that a president's ability to shape government policy depends more on his ability to convince members of Congress, bureaucrats, and citizens to do what he wants than it does on the formal powers conveyed to him by the Constitution. |
| Vesting Clause | Article II, Section 1, of the Constitution, which states that "executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America," making the president both the head of government and the head of state. |
| Fire Alarm Oversight | A method of oversight in which members of Congress respond to complaints about the bureaucracy or problems of implementation only as they arise rather than exercising constant vigilance. |
| Police Patrol Oversight | A method of oversight in which members of Congress constantly monitor the bureaucracy to make sure that laws are implemented correctly. |
| Judicial Review | The Supreme Court's power to strike down a law or executive branch action that it finds unconstitutional |
| Living Constitution | A way of interpreting the Constitution that takes into account evolving national attitudes and circumstances rather than the text alone. |
| Original Intent | The theory that justices should surmise the intentions of the Founders when the language of the Constitution is unclear. |
| Original Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to handle a case first, as in the Supreme Court's authority to initially hear disputes between two states. However, original jurisdiction for the Supreme Court is not exclusive; it may assign such a case to a lower court. |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear appeals from lower courts and change or uphold the decision. |
| Adversarial System | A two-sided court structure in which lawyers on both sides of a case attempt to prove their argument over their opponent's version of the case. |
Created by:
rommel.verano
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