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PHYS3

Circulation: Overview

QuestionAnswer
Why is the circulatory system necessary? To transport molecules rapdily over long distance
What does the circulatory system transfer materials across? between internal cells and the body's surface and between the various specialized tissues and organs.
What comprises the circulatory systeM Blood, set of interconnected tubes through which blood flows, and a pump that produces the flow
What are the tubes? Blood vessels
What is the pump? The heart
What composes the blood? Cells, plasma, and erythrocytes
What are the three cell types in blood? Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
What is the plasma? Liquid in which cells are suspended.
What is plasma made of? Proteiins, nutrients, and metabolic end products, hormones, and mineral electrolytes
What percent of blood cells are erythrocytes? The most!!
What do erythrocytes contain? Hemoglobin
What is it? Oxygen binding protien made of heme and globin
Where does the oxygen bind? On the iron in heme
Where are erythrocytes produced? In bone marrow
Where are they destroyed? LIver and spleen
What is essential for erythrocyte formation? Iron, folic acid, vitamin B12
What is erythropoietin? Hormone produced in kidneys in response to low oxygen supply.
What does it stimulate? Erythrocyte differentiation and production by bone marrow
What is anemia? A decrease in total number of erythrocytes, and a diminished concentration of hemoglobin per erythrocyte
What are some potential causes? Dietary deficiency, bone marrow failure, blood loss, and decreased erythropoietin.
What are the three types of leukocytes? Polymorphonuclear granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes
What are polymorph granulocytes? Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
What are platelets? Cell fragments essential for blood clotting
Where do all blood cells descend from? Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow
^___RELAX_____^ ^____RELAX____^
What does the cardiovascular system consist of? Two circuits, both originating and terminating in the heart
What is the heart divided into? Longitudinally into two functional halves, each containing two chambers
What are th e two heart chambers? Atrium and ventricle
What is teh atrium? Empties into the ventricle
What is the ventricle? EJECTS into arterial circulation
What are the two heart circuits? Pulmonary and systemic circulation
What is the pulmonary circulation? Blood travels from right ventricle to the lungs and then to the LA
What is the sytemic circulation? Blood travels from LV to all organs and tissues other than the lungs andthen to the right atrium
Where do arteries carry blood? Generally, where do veins carry blood? Away from the heart; to the heart
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Aorta: The large artery leaving the left heart
Superior and inferior Vena cava: The large veins emptying into the right heart
What are the vessels in the pulmonary circulation? Pulmonary trunk and the four pulmonary veins
What does microcirculation consist of? Vessels between arteries and veins.
What are those vessels? Arterioles, capillaries, and venules
DISTRIBUTION OF SYTEMIC BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION OF SYSTEMIC BLOOD FLOW
PRESSURE, FLOW, AND RESISTANCE PRESSURE, FLOW, AND RESISTANCE
Pressure: Force exerted by the blood
Blood flow related to pressure: From a region of higher pressure to one of lower pressure
Units of measurement of blood flow? Volume per unit of time (liters/ min)
Resistance: Indication of how difficult it is for blood to flow between two points at any given pressure difference
What is the relationship of flow to resistance? Flow is inversely proportional to resistance
What is the basic equation for calculating resistance? Pressure = Flow x resistance
What does resistance determine? SEE BELOW
What is ressitance directly proportional to? Viscosity of a fluid and length of the tube
What is it inversely proportional to? Fourth power of the tube's radius
What is a major variable for controlling changes in resistance? Tube's radius to the fourth power
SEE EQUATION SEE EQUATION--P. 201
Created by: talkglitter2486
 

 



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