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Pathology Ch.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does "pathology" mean? | Scientific Study of disease |
| What is histopathology? | Disgnosis of disease through tissue examination |
| What is Cytopathology? | Diagnosis of disease through examination of separated cells |
| What is Chemical Pathology? | Study of diseases regarding biochemical changes in tissue and body fluids |
| What is Forensic pathology? | Application of pathology to legal purposes |
| What is toxicology? | study of poisons and their effects |
| What is hematology? | study of disorders of blood cells and coagulation proteins |
| What immunology? | study of immune response in disease (specific defense mechanisms of the body) |
| What is microbiology? | study of infectious diseases and responsible agents |
| What is genetics? | study of abnormal chromosomes and genes |
| What is the formula for disease? | Damage by a harmful agent + the body's reaction= DISEASE |
| What are three important broad groups of disease? | 1. Inflammatory (including infections) 2. degenerative (excluding aging) 3. Neoplastic (tumors) |
| What are four components of Diagnostic Pathology? | Biopsy, Cytology, Blood, Secretion and excretions |
| What is a biopsy? | Examination of tissue samples from living patients |
| What are 3 different types of biopsies? | Needle biopsy (using a wide pored cutting needle), Incisional biopsy (surgical incision), Endoscopic biopsy (visually guided instruments, e.g. gastroscope) |
| What is Cytology? | Examination of scattered cells |
| What are 4 types of cytology? | Fluid cytology (pleural effusion), washing cytology (bronchial washing for Lung cancer), fine-needle cytology (aspiration of solid tissue as breast mass), exfoliative cytology (scraped or brushed cells from epithelial surfaces as bronchus or cervix) |
| What are three parts of Blood? | Blood cells (qualitative or quantitative), Plasma (coagulation), Serum (proteins, enzymes, biochemistry) |
| What is an example of secretion and excretions? | Feces, urine, sputum |
| What are the 8 major characteristics applied of disease? | Definition, Incidence (occurrence), Etiology (cause), Pathogenesis, Clinical features (symptoms and signs), Pathological lesion, Complications, Prognosis |
| What are 4 primary etiologies of disease? | Infective agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites), Chemical agents, Physical agents (trauma, radiation, thermal), Genetic |
| What is a Pathognomonic abnormality? | Any abnormality restricted to a single disease that is of diagnostic importance. E.g. Reed-Strenberg cell in Hodgkin's disease) |
| What is the definition of syndrome? | Disease characterized by multiple findings i.e. Combination of lesions, signs and symptoms. e.g. Cushing's disease due to ACTH-sectreting pituitary tumors |
| What is the definition of prognosis? | Forecast of the probable outcome of disease |
| In regards to etiology, what does primary mean? | disease without evident cause (e.g. essential HTN) |
| In regards to etiology, what does secondary mean? | disease secondary to or complication of some underlying cause (e.g. HTN secondary to renal artery stenosis) |
| In regards to tumors, what does primary mean? | Initial site |
| In regards to tumors, what does secondary mean? | tumor cells that disseminate producing secondary lesions in distant sites |
| Acute and chronic are used to describe what? | the course of a disease |
| What does acute mean? | rapid onset and short course |
| What does chronic mean? | Insidious "gradual" onset and prolonged course |
| What does subacute mean? | between acute and chronic |
| When used to describe tumors, what does benign mean? | remain localized, rarely fatal |
| What used to describe tumors, what does malignant mean? | invade and spread from original site, commonly fatal |
| What does the prefix Hyper- mean? | above normal e.g. hyperglycemia |
| What does the prefix Hypo- mean? | below normal e.g. hypoglycemia |
| What does the prefix Meta- mean? | change from one state to another e.g. metaplasia |
| What does the suffix -itis mean? | inflammation e.g. bronchitis |
| What does the suffix -oma mean? | swelling (or tumor) e.g. fibroma |
| What does the suffix -oid mean? | resembling e.g. rheumatoid disease |
| What does the suffix -plasia mean? | disorder of growth e.g. neoplasia |
| What does the suffix -osis mean? | state (or condition, process) e.g. Osteoarthrosis |
| What does the suffix -opthy mean? | abnormality lacking specific characteristics e.g. lymphadenopathy |
| What are Eponymous names? | Disease named after a person or place e.g. Hodgkin's disease, Crohn's disease, Paget's disease |
| What is an Iatrogenic disease? | Disease induced by health care provider's words or actions e.g. penicillin causing an allergy, aspirin causing a gastric ulcer, radiation causing fetal abnormalities, blood transfusion transmitting AIDS or Hepatitis, adjustment causing a fracture. |
Created by:
courtney.marie23
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