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Macromolecules
Organic Macromolecules
Macromolecule | Elements it is composed of. | Subunits | Used for in living things | Examples | Special Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbohydrate | Carbon hydrogen oxygen | monosaccharide | -short term energy storage, structure (cell walls) exoskeletons | mono-glucose (used for cell energy) di-sucrose lactose poly- starch (plant energy) cellulose glycogen (animals store energy) | usually ends in ose |
Proteins | Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen sulfur | amino acids | -digestion -hair, nails -carry oxygen in blood | hemaglobin enzymes keratin antibodies | peptide bond (covalent) |
Lipids | Carbon hydrogen oxygen | glycerol and fatty acids | -insulation -long term enegry storage -protects organs -immunity | waxes oils fats steroids (cholesterol, estrogen, testerone heroin) | non-polar, hydrophobic |
Nucleic Acids | Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus | nucleotides | make proteins | DNA RNA ATP | Found in the nucleus of every cell |