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Opthalmic Disorders
Cataracts, retinal detachment, AMD, glaucoma
| Disorder | Details |
|---|---|
| Cataract | An opacity of the normally clear lens |
| Cataract | Most common cause is aging |
| Cataract | Could be caused by blunt or penetrating trauma |
| Cataract | Etiology could be maternal rubella (congenital) |
| Cataract | Could be caused by use of corticosteroids |
| Cataract | Could be caused by diabetes mellitus (onset at earlier age) |
| Cataract | A gradual decrease in vision occurs (rate varies) |
| Cataract | Symptoms include glare, which gets worse at night |
| Cataract | Manifests by abnormal color perception |
| Cataract | Diagnostic tools include visual acuity measurement, slit lamp microscopy, and opthalmoscopy |
| Cataract | Nonsurgical therapy includes changing Rx of glasses, increased lighting, and lifestyle adjustment |
| Cataract | Surgical therapy includes ambulatory removal, extracapsular extraction with intraocular lens implant |
| Cataract | Pre-op eye drops include Neo-synephrine and Atropine or Cyclogel |
| Cataract | Post-op care includes wearing an eye shield at night, keeping HOB at 30-45 degrees, and prevention of vomiting, sneezing, or coughing |
| Miosis | Constriction of pupil |
| Mydriasis | Dilation of pupil |
| Retinal detachment | A separation of the sensory retina from the underlying pigment epithelium |
| Retinal detachment | Most common cause is a retinal tear |
| Retinal detachment | Symptoms include photopsia, "floaters", "cobwebs", or "hairnet" ring in the field of vision |
| Retinal detachment | If small, may go unnoticed |
| Retinal detachment | Includes painless loss of peripheral or central vision |
| Retinal detachment | Sufferers report a "curtain" over their field of vision |
| Retinal detachment | Usually painless |
| Retinal detachment | Diagnostics usually include visual acuity measurement, opthalmoscopy, slit lamp microscopy, and an ultrasound if the cornea, lens, or vitreous are hazy/opaque |
| Retinal detachment | Treatment option includes cryosurgery, laser surgery, or scleral buckling |
| Retinal detachment | High risk clients include high myopia, aphakia, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and ocular trauma |
| AMD | A retinal degenerative process involving the macula and resulting in varying degrees of central vision loss |
| AMD | "Dry" manifestations include drusen, scotoma, colors appearing less bright, and difficulty adapting to low levels of light |
| AMD | "Wet" manifestations include distorsion of vision or "metamorphopsia" |
| AMD | Central vision is affected |
| AMD | Affects central vision |
| AMD | Treatment options include laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy (a cold laser treatment), and the use of Macugen, an injectable eye medication |
| AMD | Uses the Amsler Grid Test for detection |
| Glaucoma | Increased intraocular pressure |
| Glaucoma | Diagnosis involves measurement of intraocular pressure via tonometry |
| Acute angle glaucoma | Severe pain in and around eye, rainbow of colors around lights, cloudy/blurred vision, nausea/vomiting, and GI/Sinus/Dental symptoms |
| Acute angle glaucoma | IOP of 50 mmHg or greater |
| Chronic (open angle) glaucoma | IOP of 22-32 mmHg |
| Chronic (open angle) glaucoma | Tired feeling in eye, slowly decreasing peripheral vision, halos around lights, progressive loss of visual field |
| Normal IOP | 10-21 mmHg |
| Glaucoma | Miotic eye drops given to facilitate aqueous humor flow |
| Glaucoma | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors given PO to decrease aqueous humor production |
| Glaucoma | Mannitol given to reduce IOP by pulling fluids out of tissue and into vascular system |
| Glaucoma | Timolol given to suppress production of aqueous humor |
| Glaucoma | Surgical therapy includes iridectomy and trabeculectomy |
| Glaucoma | Nursing interventions include promotion of safety during ambulation and providing liquid/low residue diet to prevent straining during defecation |
| Tonometry | Measure of intraocular pressure (IOP) |
| Effect of the SNS on the pupil | Dilation |
| Effect of the PNS on the pupil | Constriction |
| Aphakia | Without a lens |
| Drusen | White, yellowish exudate |
| Scotomas | Patchy blind spots |
Created by:
ebadger
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