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8GH rocks @ AJHS

Rockas and rock cyles

QuestionAnswer
abrasion When rock fragments bump into each other and wear away.
basalt An igneous rock with very tiny crystals.
biological weathering When rocks are worn away or broken up due to the activities of living things. For example, growing plant roots can split rocks apart.
bonds Forces holding particles together.
carbonate-rich Something which contains a lot of compounds called carbonates.
cementation A process in which water is squeezed out of the spaces between pieces of rock leaving mineral salts behind which stick (cement) the rock pieces together.
cemented Something that has been stuck together.
chalk Soft white or grey rock formed from the shells of small sea animals.
chemical weathering When rocks are broken up or worn away by chemical reactions, usually with rainwater.
coal A fossil fuel made from the remains of plants.
compaction When layers of sediment or rock are squashed by the weight of sediment above them.
contract Get smaller.
crust The solid rocks at the surface of the Earth.
crystals Pieces of a mineral with sharp edges.
deposits When moving water drops rock fragments or grains.
deposits When moving water drops rock fragments or grains.
erosion The movement of loose and weathered rock.
expand Get bigger.
fossil The remains of a dead animal or plant that became trapped in layers of sediment and turned into rock.
freeze–thaw action A type of physical weathering that happens when water gets into a crack in a rock and freezes. The freezing water expands and makes the crack bigger.
grain Tiny, rounded piece of rock.
granite An igneous rock with large crystals.
igneous rock A rock formed when magma or lava cooled down and solidified.
interlocking When crystals fit together with no gaps between them.
lava Molten rock that runs out of volcanoes.
limestone A sedimentary rock made from the shells of dead sea creatures consisting mainly of calcium carbonate.
magma Molten rock beneath the surface of the Earth.
mantle The part of the Earth below the crust.
marble A metamorphic rock formed from limestone.
metamorphic A word meaning ‘changed’.
metamorphic rocks Rocks that have been formed by changing igneous or sedimentary rocks.
minerals The chemicals that rocks are made from.
mixture Two or more different kinds of mineral that are not chemically joined to each other.
mudstone A sedimentary rock made from mud.
natural gas Fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that lived in the sea.
oil Fossil fuel formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that lived in the sea.
oolite A type of limestone formed when water evaporates and leaves calcium carbonate behind.
particles The tiny pieces that everything is made out of.
physical change A change that does not involve new chemicals. Melting and freezing are examples of physical changes.
physical weathering When rocks are worn away or broken up by physical processes such as changes in temperature.
porous Porous rocks can soak up water.
quartzite A metamorphic rock formed from sandstone.
rock cycle All the processes which form sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks, linked together.
salts Chemicals from rocks that have dissolved in water.
sandstone A sedimentary rock made from rounded grains of sand.
sediment Rock grains and fragments dropped on the bottom of a river, lake or sea.
sedimentary rock Rock formed from layers of sediment.
shale A sedimentary rock.
slate A metamorphic rock with tiny crystals, formed from mudstone.
texture The scientific word used to describe the shapes and sizes of the crystals or grains in a rock.
transport The movement of rock grains and fragments by wind or water.
volcano A place where lava flows out of the Earth.
weathered Rocks that have been worn away or broken up by chemical, biological or physical processes.
Created by: johncl
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