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Endocrine Pathology

Pituitary and Thyroid Diseases

TermDefinition
Hyperfunction due to prolonged hyperstimulation
Hypofunction due to destruction of secretory cells
Tumors most common cause of endocrine pathologies
Prolactinomas due to pituitary hyperfunction; tumors of prolactin-secreting cells
Amenorrhea lack of menstruation; symptom of prolactinomas
Galactorrhea spontaneous milk secretion; symptom of prolactinomas
Bromocriptine dopamine analog (inhibits PRL); pharmacological treatment of prolactinomas
Somatotropic adenomas tumors of hGH producing cells
Gigantism hyperstimulation of longitudinal skeletal growth; symptom of somatotropic adenomas
Acromegaly enlarged fingers, hands, toes, feet, nose, tongue, sloped forehead, protruding jaw & enlarged inner organs; symtom of somatotropic adenomas
Corticotropic adenomas tumors of ACTH-secreting cells
Tumors of TSH, LH, FSH-secreting cells symptom of somatotropic adenomas
Pituitary hypofunction congenital disorder; tumors, ischemia
Panhypopituitarism Simmond's disease; due to low levels of pituitary secretions; all cells affected
Diabetes insipidus due to lack of ADH caused by destructive lesions in the hypothalamus, infundibulum and/or posterior pituitary
Parafollicular C cells produce calcitonin
Follicular cells produce thyroid hormones T3 and T4
Triiodothyronine T3
Thyroxine T4
Thyrotoxicosis hyperthyroidism
Grave's disease autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies to TSH receptors; etiology of hyperthyroidism
Nodular goiter enlarged and nodular thyroid gland; etiology of hyperthyroidism
Toxic adenoma "hot nodules" on radioactive scans; etiology of hyperthyroidism
exogenous thyroid medication etiology of hyperthyroidism
exophthalmos bulging eyes; symptom of Grave's disease
Hypothyroidism due to developmental defects, thyroiditis, thyroidectomy or iodine deficiency
Thyroiditis immune-mediated inflammation of the thyroid gland where lymphocytes destroy thyroid follicles
Thyroidectomy removal of tumor
Iodine deficiency associated with goiter in hypothyroidism due to compensatory follicular hyperplasia
Cretinism retarded mental development due to lack of thyroid hormones
Nodular goiter due to functional disturbance (e.g., Grave's disease), iodine deficiency or neoplasms
Adenomas thyroid neoplasms found in 3-4% of adults
Carcinomas rare thyroid neoplasms with only 3-4/100,000 cases per year
Papillary carcinoma thyroid neoplasm that is slow progressing and hormonally inactive; 80% of cases
Follicular carcinoma more aggressive thyroid neoplasm, but good prognosis; 15% of cases
Medullary carcinoma C-cell carcinoma of thyroid; genetic link
Anaplastic carcinoma rare & extremely deadly thyroid neoplasm
Created by: MarilynKoch
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