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Geography 1700 - Ch1
Globalization and Diversity: Geography of a Changing World (Ch. 1)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Globalization | the increasing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change |
Transitional Firms | Do global business through international subsidiaries, disrupt local ecosystems in their incessant search for natural resources and manufacturing sites |
Sweatshops | Crude factories in which workers sew clothing, assemble sneakers, and perform other labor-intensive tasks for extremely low wages |
Rate of National Increase (RNI) | Depicts the annual growth rate for a country or region as a percentage |
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | Synthetical hypothetical number that measures the fertility of a statistically fictitious yet average group of women moving through their childbearing years |
Population Pyramid | Plots the percentage of all different age groups along a vertical axis that divides the population into male and female |
Demographic Transition Model | A four-stage conceptualization that tracks changes in birthrates and death rates through time as a population urbanizes |
Net Migration Rate | A statistic that depicts whether more people are entering or leaving a country |
Urbanized Population | The percentage of a country's population living in cities |
Culture | Learned, not innate, and is shared behavior held in common by a group of people, empowering them with what could be called a "way of life" |
Cultural Imperialism | Active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another |
Cultural Syncretism or Hybridization | The blending of forces to form a new, synergist form of culture |
Lingua Franca | When people from different cultural groups cannot communicate directly in their native languages, they often agree on a third language to serve as a common tongue |
Universalizing Religions | Attempt to appeal to all peoples, regardless of location or culture; these religions usually have a proselytizing or missionary program that actively seeks new converts |
Ethnic Religions | Religion that remains identified closely with a specific ethnic, tribal, or national group |
Secularization | When people consider themselves either nonreligious or outright atheistic |
Nation-State | A relatively homogenous cultural group with its own fully independent political territory |
Centrifugal Forces | Cultural and political forces acting to weaken or divide an existing state; they pull away from the center |
Centripetal Forces | Forces that promote political unity and reinforce the state structure that counteract dissipating forces |
Asymmetrical Warfare | A term that aptly describes the differences between a superpower's military technology and strategy and the lower-level technology and guerrilla tactics used by Al Qaeda and the Taliban |
Colonialism | The formal establishment of rule over a foreign population |
Decolonialization | The process of a colony's gaining (or regaining) control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government |
Core-Periphery Model | A scheme where the US, Canada, Western Europe, and Japan constituted the global economic core of the north, whereas most of the areas to the south made up a less-developed global periphery |
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | The value of all final goods and services produced within the borders |
Gross National Income (GNI) | When net income from abroad is combined with the nation's GDP |
Gross National Income per capita | When the country's GNI is divided by its population |
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) | An adjustment that takes into account the strength or weakness of local currencies |
Human Development Index (HDI) | Combines data on life expectancy, literacy, educational attainment, gender equity, and income |