click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
9/26 Reading
Question | Answer |
---|---|
the legal right to vote | suffrage |
the constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans | 15th Amendment |
laws in southern states exempting persons whose grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1860 from taking literacy tests | grandfather clauses |
1915 supreme court decision declaring the grandfather clause unconstitutional | Guinn v. United States |
small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at times when African American sharecroppers had the least money on hand | poll taxes |
one of the means used to discourage African American voting that permitted politicfal parties in the South to exclude African Americans from primary elections | white primary |
constitutional amendment adopted in 1964 that declared poll taxes void in federal elections | 24th amendment |
1944 Supreme Court decision declaring white primaries unconstitutional | Smith v. Allright |
1966 Supreme Court decision that voided poll taxes in state elections | Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections |
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage | Voting Rights Act of 1965 |
When the Voting Rights Act passed in 165, only ____ African Americans held office in the ___ Southern states | 70, 11 |
By the early 1980s, more than ______ African Americans held elected offices in those states. | 2,500 |
There are currently more than ______ African American elected officials in the US. | 9,000 |
Redrawing district boundaries was to avoid discriminatory ____ and not just discriminatory _____. | results, intent |
In redrawing the congressional district boundaries in 1990, ____ new US House districts were drawn specifically to help elect African Americans, while ___ were drawn to help Hispanics. | 14, 6 |
1993 Supreme Court decision in which the Court decried the creation of districts based solely on racial composition | Shaw v. Reno |
1995 Supreme Court decision that held use of race as a "predominant factor" in drawing district lines should be unconstitutional | Miller v. Johnson |
Supreme Court decision that conscious consideration of race was not automatically unconstitutional if state's primary motivation was potentionally political rather than racial | Hunt v. Cromartie |
the oldest minority group | American Indians |
Nearly __ ________ people identify themselves as Native Americans | 2 million |
After this law, the federal government focused on assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American life | Dawes Act of 1887 |
When did Congress make American Indians citizens of the US and give them the write to vote? | 1924 |
law established in 1946 to settle financial disputes arising from lands taken from American Indians | Indian Claims Act |
Almost ___ of American Indians live on or near a reservation | half |
1978 Supreme Court decision strengthening the tribal power of individual tribe members and furthering self-government by Indian tribes | Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez |
Who was the first Native American elected to Congress as a US Senator from Colorado in 1992? | Ben Nighthorse Campbell |
Hispanic Americans compose about ___ percent of the US population, making it the largest minority group | 14 |
There are now more than ______ elected Hispanic officials in the United States | 4,600 |
The Asian American population rose from ___ percent to ___ percent from 1960 to 2000, making it the fastest growing minority group | 0.4, 4 |
1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during WW2 | Korematsu v. US |
There are more than __ _______ persons of Arab ancestry in the United States. | 1.2 million |