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H. A. 3204 Test 1
Health Assessment Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Culturally Competent | caregivers understand and attend to the total context of the individual's situation, including awareness of immigration status, stress factors, other social factors, and cultural similarities and differences |
| Culturally Sensitive | caregivers possess some basic knowledge of and constructive attitudes toward the diverse cultural populations found in the setting in which they are practicing |
| Culturally Appropriate | caregivers apply the underlying background knowledge that must be possessed to provide a given person with the best possible health care. |
| Magicoreligious Therapy | premise that the world is seen as an arena in which supernatural forces dominate; the fate of the world and those in it depends on the action of supernatural forces for good or evil. (voodoo, witchcraft) |
| Naturalistic Theory | those who believe that human life is only one aspect of nature and a part of the general order of the cosmos; believe that the forces of nature must be kept in natural balance or harmony; seen among American Indians, and Asians |
| Biomedical Theory | based on the assumption that all events in life have a cause and effect, that the human body functions more or less mechanically, that all life can be reduced or divided into smaller parts, and that all of reality can be observed and measured |
| Components of Health History | o BIOGRAPHICAL DATA o REASON FOR SEEKING CARE o HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS o PAST HEALTH HISTORY o FAMILY HISTORY o REVIEW OF SYSTEMS o FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT |
| Biographical Data | includes name, address, and phone number, age and birth date, birthplace, gender, marital status, race, ethnic origin, and occupation--should include primary language spoken as well. |
| Reason for Seeking Care | brief spontaneous statement in the person's own words that describes the reason for the visit; states symptom(s) and duration; subjective data |
| Current Health or History of Current Illness | short statement about the general state of health; or chronological record of the reason for seeking care, from the first time the symptom first started until now. |
| Summary of Symptoms During Current Health or History of Current Illness--8 Critical Characteristics | Location Character/Quality Quantity/Severity Timing Setting Aggravating/Relieving Factors Patient's Perception |
| PQRSTU | Provocative/Palliative-what brings it on? Quality/Quantity-how does it look, feel, sound? Region/Radiation-where is it? Severity Scale-how bad? Timing-onset Understand Patient's Perception-what do you think it means? |
| Past Health History | Childhood illness, accidents or injuries, serious or chronic illnesses, hospitalizations, operations, obstetric history, immunizations, last examination date, allergies, and current medications (including vitamins and herbal supplements), alcohol drug use |
| Family History | will highlight those diseases and conditions for which a particular patient may be at increased risk. |
| Review of Systems | 1) evaluates the past and present health state of each body system, 2) double-checks in case any significant data was omitted in the Present Illness section 3) evaluates health promotion practices--lists systems from head to toe |
| Functional Assessment | measures a person's self-care ability in the areas of general physical health or absence of illness; ADL's; instrumental activities of daily living, may organize entire assessment around functional "pattern areas;" supplements health history |
| Subjective Data | what the person says about himself or herself during interview; what the person perceives his or her health to be |
| Objective Data | what is observed through measurement, inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation |
| Open-Ended Questions | asks for narrative information; unbiased, leaves the person free to answer in any way; states the topic to be discussed, but only in general terms |
| Closed-Ended Questions | questions that ask for specific information; elicit a short, one-two-word answer, a "yes" or "no," or a forced choice |
| General Survey | study of the whole person, covering the general health state and any obvious physical characteristics |
| Points of the General Survey | physical appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior |
| General Survey-Physical Appearance | age, sex, level of consciousness, skin color, and facial features |
| General Survey-Body Structure | stature, nutrition, symmetry, posture, position, body build/contour |
| General Survey-Mobility | Gait, and range of motion |
| General Survey-Behavior | Facial expression, mood and affect, speech, dress, and personal hygiene |
| General Survey of Aging Adult | physical appearance: sharper body contour, more angular features, body proportions are redistributed. Posture: general flexion occurs by 8th or 9th decade. Gait: diminished balance, arms my be held out to help balance, and steps may be shorter or uneven |
| Vital Signs of Older Adult | Temperature: greater risk for hypothermia, sweat gland activity diminished. Pulse: 50-90 bpm, but rhythm may be irregular Respirations: shallower inspiratory phase, increased respiratory phase Blood Pressure: higher systolic and diastolic |
| Blood Pressure Technique | place cuff around arm, palpate brachial artery, place stethoscope, listen for pulse, inflate cuff until sound no longer heard, note mm, deflate cuff, wait 1 min, reinflate 30mm past first inflation, release air and listen for first and last korotkoff |
| Pulse Technique | using pads of finger palpate wrist for radial pulse, count the beats for 30 seconds and multiply by 2, start with 0 when first pulse is counted, normal for adults is 60-100 (per Ms. Ford |
| Respiratory Technique | count respirations for a full 30 seconds or a full minute if abnormalities are suspected; constant ratio of pulse to rate is 4:1, for adults normal rate is 10-20 |
| Temperature | oral sublingual site, rectal temp only when other sites are impractical or unavailable, temperature can also be taken at ear with a tympanic membrane thermometer, normal temp should be 35.8-37.3 C (96.4-99.1F). rectal temp 0.4-0.5C (0.7-1.F) higher. |
| Pulse Pressure | difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures and reflects the stroke volume (subtract diastolic from systolic) |
| Systolic Pressure | the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction, or systole |
| Diastolic Pressure | the elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that the blood exerts constantly between each contraction |
| Pulse Oximetry | monitor the saturation of oxygen in a person's blood; sensor attached to a person's finger or earlobe has a diode that emits light and a detector that measures the relative amount of light absorbed by oxyhemoglobin and unoxygenated (reduced) hemoglobin |
| Changes of Skin in the Older Adult | epidermis's outer layer thins & flattens, chemicals access body easier-causing wrinkling; loss of elastin, collagen, & subcutaneous fat, & reduction in muscle tone, increase of shearing & tearing injuries; less sebaceous & sweat glands-dry skin |
| Changes of the Hair in the Older Adult | number of functioning melanocytes decrease, so hair looks gray or white and feels thin and fine. hair distribution changes--less hair on head, females with facial hair |
| Changes of Nails in the Older Adult | grow more slowly, surface of nails is lusterless and is characterized by longitudinal ridges resulting from local trauma at the nail matrix |
| Clubbing of Nails | normal nails have a 160 degree angle at nail base, 180 degree flattening at nail base is sign of early clubbing |
| Skin Self Assessment (ABCDE) for Moles and/or Melanoma | A—asymmetry B—border irregularity C—color D—diameter E—elevation and enlargement |
Created by:
nancyms
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