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AP US History
Chapter 16 Reconstruction
| Glossary Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1863 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction | President Lincoln's reconstruction plan it offered full pardons to rebels who would denounce secession and accept the abolition of slavery. Lincoln was interested in restoring the Union, not punishing the rebels. It included his 10% plan. |
| 10% Plan | Linclon's reconstruction plan where former Confederate States would be allowed back into the Union when 10 percent of the voters took the oath of allegiance. No mention of civil rights for blacks, nor diany provision for federal assistance to freedmen. |
| The Wade-Davis Bill | A proposed reconstruction plan that required half of all voters to take the oath of allegiance. Less forgiving than Lincoln's reconstruction plan. It did not make any mention of black voting rights, an exclusion that angered many radicals. |
| Freedmen | Former black slaves who were now free. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Government agency created to look after the recently freed slaves. |
| President Johnson's reconstruction plan | A reconstuction plan whose demands on former rebels were so modest that many Republicans argued they insulted the memory of dead Union soldiers. Did not force southern legislatures to extend any rights to blacks. |
| The 1866 Civil Rights Act | A congressional measure designed to nullify the black codes by affirming the rights of blacks to enjoy the same laws and privileges that applied to whites. |
| Fourteeth Amendment | It fixed the provisios of the Civil Rights Bill and granted full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants. |
| Johnson's Response to the Fourteenth Amendment | A recommendation that southern states reject the amendment. Southerners' decisions to follow this advice helped fan the fury of even Moderate Republicans. |
| Fifteenth Amendment | It guaranteed that no one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave. It was to prevent states from amending their constitutions to deny black suffrage. |
| Sharecropping | Freedmen rented land from white landowners in exchange for a share of the year's crop. This gave blacks greater control over their daily lives but they were still dependence on white landowners, who could expel them at the end of each growing season. |
| President Grant | He was never sure about his presidential objectives, and his leadership in office was tentative. He never chose his advisors wisely, and his dubious appointments resulted in a string of scandals. |
| The Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Outlawed racial discrimination in transportation, public accommodations, and juries. Federal authorities had little time to enforce this law, leaving segregated facilities untouched throughout the South. |
| The Compromise of 1877 | Democrats agreed to support Rutherford B. Hayes's as president in exchange for the withdrawal of all federal troops in the South thus ending Reconstruction. |
| Thirteenth Ammendment | In 1865 it freed all slaves and abolished slavery. |
| Black Codes | Southern states adopted a series of laws which were intended to keep blacks subordinate to whites. |
| 1867 Military Reconstruction Act | When President Johnson vetoed this Act which installed military rule in the south, Congress responded by overriding the veto the same day. |
| Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton | American feminits who objected to the language of both the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because the legislation extended citizenship status and voting rights to black men but not to women. |
| The Supreme Court's 1873 Slaughterhouse cases | The Supreme Court decided that the Fourteenth Amendment protected only those rights given by the federal government. This allowed the States to enforce the Black Codes and prompted the creation of the 15th Ammendment. |
| carpetbaggers | A derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunes by buying up land from desperate Southerners. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Argued that violence was a reasonable response to reconstruction politics. They worked to defeat reconstruction measures and restore white supremacy to the south. |
| United States v. Cruikshank | declared that Congress could legislate only against discrimination committed by states. |
| Rutherford B. Hayes | His failure to win a majority in the electoral college cast the outcome of the 1876 presidential election into doubt. |
| scalawags | A slang term for native-born southern Republicans after the Civil War. They were often seen as Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners. |
| President Andrew Johnson | A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. |
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