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Vocabulary

Science and Meteorology

Definition	Word	Definition	Word	Definition	Word
Sediment deposited by running water	Alluvium	A fossil gum from the sap of ancient plants; may contain trapped and preserved insects and spiders	Amber	On the ocean floor	Benthic
A giant summit depression of a volcano	Caldera	A chemical substance containing more than one element in fixed amounts	compound	A curved fracture which is characteristic of some rocks and minerals such as in quartz	Conchoidal
Theoretical shift of continents due to weakness in the suboceanic crust	Continental drift	The outer layer of the earth's surface	crust	to seperate from a solution or melt as a solid	crystallize
Triangular shape deposit at the mouth of a stream	delta	Mass of a body divided by its volume; the density of a rock determines how heavy it feels. A piece of granite has a greater density than a piece of pumice with an equal volume	density	The chemical and physical processes which transform soft sediment into consolidated rock; these take place near the earths surface at low temperatures and pressures	diagenesis
movement of the earths crust creating mountains, oceans and ocean basins	diastrophism	An intrusion of igneous rock in older rocks at a high angle of dip	dike	glacial hill	drumlin
hills of loose sand created by the wind	dunes	the part of the earth's surface that is directly above the origin of the earthquake	epicenter	a division in geologic time smaller than a period	epoch
gradual wearing away of the earths surface by wind, water and ice	erosion	the face or slope of a cliff	escarpment	the cracking or peeling of rocks on the surface	exfoliation
molten volcanic rocks which have cooled on the surface of the earth	extrusive	a break or fracture on earths crust	fault	a crack in the earths interior through which lava flows	fissure
a bend in the rocks state	fold	consisting of thin parallel layers as in mica	foliation	a mold, cast, or impression of all or part of ancient organism that has been preserved in earths surface the best known are of dinosaurs	fossil
study of the origin, history and structure of the earth	geology	energy from the heat within earths crust	geothermal energy	natureal hot springs that intermittently ejects water and steam into the air	geyser
a large body of slow moving ice and snow	glacier	crystals with hollowed faces such as cubes of halite	hopper crystals	organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon	hydrocarbon
the study of the effects of water on the earths surface, soil, underlying rocks and atmosphere	hydrology	rocks formed when molten material in or on earths surface cools and hardens	igneous rocks	igneous material formed among preexisting rocks below the surface	intrusive
a crack in a rock mass that occurs as pressure decreases on that rock mass that becomes the overlying rock and is eroded away permitting the rock mass to expand	joint	depression in a glacier deposit formed by the melting of a block of ice	kettle	molten rock that reaches the surface	lava
the earths rocky crust plus the rigid upper part of the mantle	lithosphere	a naturally occuring magnet, a form of magnetite	lodestone	wind deposits of dust and sand particles	loess
molten rock mixed with gases within the earth from which igneous rock is formed	magma	layer of earth just beneath the crust	mantle	to wander: riverbeds wander and widen as each flows through the path of least resistance	meander
elements that are solid having characteristic luster maliability and high electrical and heat conductivity	metals	rocks that are formed when existing rocks undergo pressure and heat for extended periods of time	metamorphic rocks	naturally occuring and organic nongaseous substances of limited chemical variability and distinctive chrystalline structures	mineral
two or more substances combined in any amounts	mixture	glacial deposits of gravel sands and bolders	morraine	antural mineral deposit from which a metal can be extracted	ore
a scientist that studies ancient life in fossilized form	palientologist	huge blocks of rocks that make up the earths crust	plates	the ends of the axis of a planet or the ends of a magnet	poles
forced per unit of area	pressure	a radioactive gaseous chemical element formed by the decay of uranium	radon	a sugary rock texture observed in marbles and quartzites	saccharoidal
coloration in certain minerals due to minute broadlike inclusions of voids iron ore and other mineral	schillerization	medium to coarse metamorphic rocks composed of parallel layers such as mica and talc	schist	rocks formed by consolidation of sediments examples are limestone, sandstone and shale	sedimentary rocks
an instrument that measures and records the direction, intensity and time of an earthquake	seizmograph	scientists who study earths movements	seizmologists	results when forces cause two adjacent parts of a solid to slide past one another in directions that are parallel to the plane of contact	sheering
most abundant group of minerals found in earths crust	silicate	solid particles larger than clay particles but smaller than sand grains	silt	a biproduct resulting from a metallurgical process which floats on molten material	slag
the ratio of the weight of an object to the weight of an equal volume of water	specific gravity	distinct layers of sedimentary rocks	strata	a fold in rock strata in which the layers lean together from opposite sides; opposite of anti-cline down folded rock layers	syncline
geology of earths structural deformation	techtonics	a strong forward motion causing a horizontal movement of earths crust	thrust	the uppermost layer of soil	top soil
a condensible gas	vapor	an opening on earths surface permitting the escape of gases, liquids, fumes, etc. the main lava chamber in the neck of a volcano	vent	the process that physically and chemically break apart and change rocks	weathering
the gravitational force that earth exerts on an object	weight	a low pressure system that develops in or near the province of Alberta in winter and moves rapidly east or southeast through Canada and/or US laying a swath of light snow	Alberta Clipper	Instrument used to measure wind speed	anemometer
distance above sea level	altitude	the layer of gases, water and particles surrounding the earth	atmosphere	high clouds composed of ice crystals	cirrus
releasing small solid particles of carbon dioxide or silver iodide into cool clouds that are heavy with moisture; moisture may form around the particles causing rain or snow	cloud seeding	the change in a state of water from a gas to a liquid	condensation	the movement of heat through liquids and gases by currents	convection
a cloud in the shape of individually detached white fluffy domes with a flat base	cumulous	the temperature at which water vapor in the air condenses to liquid	dew point	a warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean surface waters producing warm currents along the coast of Central and South America which sometimes are associated with significant changes over the northern hemisphere	el nino
the change in a state of water from a liquid to gas	evaporation	an area of contact and transition between two air masses usually at different temperatures	a front	the trapping and building up of heat by some gases in the atmosphere	Greenhouse effect
a brief sudden increase in wind speed	gust	the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere	humidity	a period of summerlike weather in autumn which follows a period of cool weather which has been accompanied by the first frost	Indian Summer
Temperature increases with altitude contrary to the normal situation temperature decreases with altitude	inversion	a line on a weather map connecting point of equal barometric pressure	isobar	a cooling of the tropical surface waters opposite of el nino	la nina
the science that investigates the atmosphere, its interactions and its process	meteorology	national meteorological center	nmc	national oceanic and atmospheric association	noaa
a form of oxygen composed of three atoms per molecule in the upper atmosphere, it filters much of the harmful radiation from the sun	ozone	water in liquid or solid form that falls from the atmosphere to the ground	precipitation	the amount of water vapor in the air compared with the total amount of water vapor that the air could hold at that temperature	relative humidity
a transition zone between air masses of two different temperatures that are moving slowly or not at all	stationary front	the regular rise and fall of earths surface water caused by the gravitational attraction by the moon	tides	water in the form of mist in the air when below the boiling point	water vapor

Created by: zachgr14

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