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Rock Cycle
Stack #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| igneous rock | any rock that forms from magma or lava |
| sedimentary rock | forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together |
| metamorphic rock | formed when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions |
| magma | molten rock (from deep beneath Earth's surface) |
| lava | magma (molten rock) that reaches Earth's surface (such as erupting out of a volcano) |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface and cooled |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth's surface |
| Two types of igneous rocks | 1) extrusive 2) intrusive |
| 3 types of sedimentary rocks | 1) clastic 2) organic rock 3) chemical rock |
| clastic rock | a sedimentary rock that formed when rock fragments (pieces) are squeezed together |
| organic rock | a type of sedimentary rock that forms where the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers |
| chemical rock | a type of sedimentary rock that forms when minerals that are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| Example of chemical rock | rock salt & gypsum |
| example of clastic rock | shale & sandstone |
| example of organic rock | coal & chalk (a type of limestone) |
| coral reef | organic limestone |
| 3 types of coral reefs | 1) fringing reefs 2) barrier reefs 3) atolls |
| fringing reefs | are close to shore, separated from land by shallow water |
| barrier reefs | lie farther out at least 10 km from land; example is the Great Barrier Reef along the coast of Australia |
| atoll | a ring-shaped coral island found far from land |
| How metamorphic rock forms | heat & pressure deep beneath Earth's surface can change ANY type of rock into metamorphic rock |
| how metamorphic rock is classified | foliated (grains arranged in parallel layers or bands that result in thin, flat layering) or nonfoliated (randomly arranged grains--do not split into layers) |
| types of metamorphic rock | marble & slate |
| rock cycle | a series of processes on Earth's surface and inside the Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another [study diagram p. 408] |
| Metamorphic rock forms from what types of rocks? | From any other rock (sedimentary, igneous, or an already exisitng metamorphic rock) when it is pushed down toward the heat of the mantle so that the rock is exposed to heat and pressure |
| How can igneous rock become sedimentary rock? | Erosion |
| How does sedimentary rock become metamorphic rock? | Heat & pressure |
| How might rock that is formed beneath's Earth surface end up on Earth's surface? | the forces of mountain building, where rocks are pushed slowly upward |
| How might metamorphic rock become igneous rock? | melting into magma and then through volcanic activity |
| One trip through the rock cycle | At volcano, magma erupts to surface; gradually erodes into sand particles; sand washes into body of water and becomes part of the ocean floor; ocean floor drifts toward a deep-ocean trench where subduction occurs and returns it to mantle where it melts |
| How might igneous rock become metamorphic rock? | heat & pressure |
| shale (sedimentary rock) + heat + pressure = | slate (metamorphic rock) |
| sandstone (sedimentary rock) + heat + pressure = | quartzite (metamorphic rock) |
| granite (igneous rock) + heat + pressure = | gneiss (metamorphic rock) |
| Uses of metamorphic rock | marble (a metamorphic rock) is used for building and statues; slate (also metamorphic) is used for flooring, roofing, and chalkboards |
| limestone (sedimentary) + heat + pressure | marble (metamorphic) |
| Uses of sedimentary rock | Sandstone & limestone are used as building materials; capitol building in Washington, DC, is built of sandstone |
| Uses of igneous rocks | for tools and building materials; granite is used for statues and building material |
Created by:
Triana Silliman
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