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Ch. 14 & 28
Vital signs and hygiene
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Cardinal vital signs | temp, HR, resp., BP, O2 sat |
6th vital sign | pain |
when take vital signs | admission to hospital, change in condition, before/after surgery, blood administration, docs orders, before/after meds |
body temperature | heat produced - heat lost |
normal temp | 36-38c (96.8-100.4F) Fever: 101> |
core temp | deep tissue pulmonary artery, esophagus, urinary bladder |
what controls body temp? | hypothalamus |
BMR | basil metabolic rate - heat production at rest |
conduction radiation convection evaporation | xfer heat with contact - fall snow xfer heat w/o contact - fireplace xfer heat w/ air - fan xfer heat to gas - sweat |
fever | pyrexia, febrile, FUD 106 = tissue damage |
afebrile | w/o fever |
pyrogens | stimulate WBC's to fight infection |
hyperthermia hypothermia | dry skin,no sweat(heat stroke)cool can't produce heat, warm |
patterns of fever | sustained intermittent - spike, return normal remittent - spike, no normal relapsing - spike, normal, spike |
thermometers and locations | tympanic - 1 degree below oral rectum - 1 above oral oral axilla - 1 below oral skin, temporal artery |
calculate centigrade to fahrenheit F to C | 9/5 x C + 32 = F F - 32 x 5/9 = C |
antipyretics | helps hypothalamus reset set point. ex: ibuprofen, motrin, tylenol |
pulse pulse rate | wave of blood in aa by contraction of L ventricle # of pulsations in 1 min |
stroke volume SV | amt. of blood enter aorta norm: 60-70 ml per beat |
cardiac output CO | amt of blood pumped by heart for 1min CO = SV x HR |
pulse sites | temporal, carotid, brachial, apical, radial, ulnar, femoral popliteal, post. tibial, doral pedis |
pulse rate rhythm tension | tachycardia >100, bradycardia <60 dysrhythmia, pulse deficit strength, equality |
factors influence pulse | exercise, temp, emotions, stimulatns, drugs, hemorrhage, position changes |
apical pulse | audible, midclavicular 4th/5th intercostals |
dysrhythmia | abnormal heart beat |
pulse deficit | inefficient pulse wave. Listen to apical and take radial, should be same |
blood pressure | force exerted by blood when pulsating thru aa |
systolic pressure SBP | peak of max pressure at ejection |
diastolic DBP | lowest pressure at all times |
pulse pressure | SBP - DBP norm = 30-40 mmHg |
MAP | mean arterial pressure 2 x DBP + SBP/3 Norm = >60 |
Normal BP Hypertension | 120/80 prehypertension: 120-139/80-89 stage 1 hyper 140-159/90-99 stage 2 >/= 160/100 |
BP cuff | wide - false low, loose - false high positioned below/above - false low/h |
Eupnea | normal respiration & depth |
Bradypnea tachypnea hyperpnea hyperventilation/hypoventilation | decr resp incr resp resp incr in depth (excercise) incr rate/depth decr rate/depth |
arterial pressure rates newborn 1mo 1yr 6yrs 10-13 14-17 | 40 85/54 95/65 105/65 110/65 119/75 |
Respiratory rates newborn infant toddler child adol adult | 35-40 30-50 25-32 20-30 16-20 12-20 |
pulse oximetry | indirect measure of O2 saturation in blood Norm = >90% |
3 processes of respiration | ventilation - amt of air perfusion - circulation of blood diffusion - xchange of gases |
caries | tooth decay |
periodontal disease | gum disease |
glossitis gingivitis halitosis cheilosis | inflamed tongue inflamed gums bad breath cracked lips |
Assess hair | dandruff, ticks, pediculosis capitis (head lice), corporis (body lice), pubis (crab lice) alopecia (balding) |
bed positions | Fowler's - 45deg, semi-Fowler's- 30 Trendelenburg - head down reverse Trendelenburg - foot down Flat |
Hand Wash | before direct contact before putting on sterile gloves before/after procedure after contact w/ skin after contact w/ body fluids moving from contaminated to clean after removing gloves |
3 layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous |
buccal cavity | between cheek and gum |