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Chap - 1
Pharmacology HIM1442
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of drugs & their interactions with living organisms | pharmacology |
| derived from Dutch word droog, which means dry, & refers to use of dried herbs & plants | drug |
| prevent disease, diagnose disease, or treat symptoms, signs, conditions, & diseases | three general medical uses for drugs |
| comes from Latin word for recipe, meaning take | origin of Rx |
| pharmacology comes from | Greek word pharmakon |
| pharmacology is concerned with the __ of drugs | nature |
| pharmacology is concerned with the __ drugs have on the body | effects |
| pharmacology is concerned with drug __ | doses |
| pharmacology is concerned with the possible __ __ of drugs | side effects |
| Latin word for drug is medicina, from which we derive the word(s) | medicine/medication |
| refers to drug that is deliberately administered for its medicinal value as preventative, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent. | medicine |
| study of the uses of drugs is known as | pharmacotherapy |
| administration of a preventative drug | prophylaxis |
| prophylaxis is from a Greek word meaning | to keep guard over |
| indicates a prescription, the combining of ingredients to form a drug | meaning of Rx |
| atropine & scopolamine are derived from | belladonna |
| morphine is derived from | opium |
| colchicine is derived from | autumn crocus |
| ephedrine is derived from | Ephedra |
| chemists developed techniques to extract & isolate pure substances from crude drug preparations | preparation of drugs during 1800s |
| preparation of drugs utilized test tubes, filters, & Bunsen burners; pharmacists actually prepared drugs they dispensed | preparation of drugs during 1900s |
| 1906; 1st federal drug law; 1912 amendment required accurate labeling of drugs & only drugs listed in US Pharmacopeia or National Formulary could be prescribed | Food & Drug Administration Act |
| 1938; government no longer needed proof of fraud to stop sale of drug | Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act |
| job to review data from drug manufacturer's scientific experiments & evaluate safety of drugs | Food & Drug Administration (FDA) |
| 1951; amended Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act; defined prescription drugs as those drugs that could only be given to patients under physician care | Durham-Humphrey Amendment |
| 1962; amendment to Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act; tightened control on existing prescription drugs & new drugs; drugs had to be shown safe & effective before being marketed | Kefauver-Harris Amendment |
| 1994; allowed FDA to set up guidelines for manufacturers of herbal products & dietary supplements | Dietary Supplements & Health and Education Act |
| 1997; gave FDA authority to accelerate approval process for certain types of drugs | Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act |
| FDA allows physicians to prescribe some investigational drugs even before they are officially approved for marketing | Emergency Treatment Investigational New Drug (IND) |
| Emergency Treatment Investigational New Drug (IND) is also known as | Compassionate Use IND application |
| 1996; all healthcare settings must provide patients with statement that verifies that their health record info, incl all drugs, is kept secure & only released to authorized inquiries from other providers, insurance, or healthcare quality monitoring orgs. | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA) |
| 1899 | Aspirin introduced |
| 1913 | Vitamins A & B discovered |
| 1966 | clotting factors introduced for hemophilia |
| 1978 | 1st portable insulin pump introduced |
| 1987 | AZT introduced; 1st drug for HIV |
| 1985 | ACE inhibitor drugs introduced for hypertension |
| 1996 | Fosamax introduced for osteoporosis |
| 1999 | Celebrex introduced for arthritis; 1st COX-2 inhibitor |
| 2003 | Fuzeon introduced; 1st fusion inhibitor drug for HIV |
| 2008 | Xenazine introduced; 1st FDA-approved drug for Huntington's disease |
| even when a drug included the name of addictive ingredient in its title or on its label | consumers were unaware of it addictive qualities |
| for each new drug FDA must weigh __ __ against __ __ of the drug | inherent risks; potential benefits |
| 1988, FDA was moved under | federal Department of Health & Human Services |
| defined as those drugs that are not safe to use except under professional medical supervision | prescriptions drugs |
| defined as one that can be purchased without a prescription & generally considered safe for consumer use if label directions followed carefully | over-the-counter (OTC) drugs |
| potentially addictive drugs; divided into 5 categories based on their potential for physical/psychological dependence | schedule drugs |
| capital C stands for | controlled substance |
| number written inside capital C stands for | assigned schedule |
| extremely high potential for abuse/addition; no currently accepted medical use; not available under any circumstances even w/prescription | Schedule I |
| examples of Schedule I substances | heroin, LSD, marijuana, methaqualone, peyote, psilocybin |
| high potential for abuse/addiction; currently accepted medical use; requires official prescription form; severe physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule II |
| examples of Schedule II | cocaine, codeine, Demerol, Dilaudid, methadone, morphine, OxyContin, Percodan, Ritalin |
| less potential for abuse/addition; currently accepted medical use; moderate physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule III |
| examples of Schedule III | anabolic steroids, Hycodan, Paregoric, testosterone, Tylenol w/Codeine, Vicodin |
| less potential for abuse/addition; currently accepted medical use; limited-to-moderate physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule IV |
| examples of Schedule IV drugs | Ambien, Darvon, Librium, Meridia, Valium, Xanax |
| limited potential for abuse; currently accepted medical use; some physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule V |
| examples of Schedule V drugs | cough syrups with codeine, Lomotil |
| 1983; facilitate development of new drugs to treat rare diseases | Orphan Drug Act |
| drugs to treat rare diseases; streamlined process of FDA approval | orphan drugs |
Created by:
lfrancois
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