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Intro to Programming

Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
Computer System is a combination of all the components required to process and store data using a computer.
Hardware is the collection of physical devices that comprise a computer system.
Software consists of the programs that tell the computer what to do.
Programs are sets of instructions for a computer.
Programming is the act of developing and writing programs
Application Software comprises all the programs you apply to a task.
System Software comprises the programs that you use to manage your computer.
Input describes the entry of data items into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards.
Data Items include all the text, numbers, and other information processed by a computer.
Processing data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on them.
CPU central processing unit is the hardware that processes the data.
Output describes the operation of retrieving information from memory or sending it to a devices, such as a monitor or printer so people can view, interpret and work with the results.
Storage Devices are types of hardware equipment such as disks, that hold information for later retrieval.
Programming Languages such as Visual Basic, C#, C++, Java or COBOL are used to write programs.
Program Code is the set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.
Coding the Program is the act of writing programming language instructions.
Syntax is the grammar rules of a programming language.
Computer Memory is the temporary, internal storage within a computer.
Volatile describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
Nonvolatile describes storage whose contents are lost when power is lost.
RAM random access memory is temporary internal storage.
Machine Language is a computer on/off circuitry language.
Compiler or Interpreter translates high-level programming language into machine language and tells you if you have used a programming language correctly.
Binary Language is represented using a string of 1 and 0's
Source Code is the statements a programmer writes in a programming language.
Object Code is translated machine language.
Run or Execute a program is to carry out its instructions.
Scripting Language are used to write programs that are types directly from the keyboard and are stored as a text information rather than machine code.
Logical error occurs when incorrect instructions are performed or when instructions are performed in the wrong order.
Logic of the computer program is when you give instructions to the computer in a specific sequence.
Semantic Error when a correct word is used in an incorrect context.
Variable is a named memory location whose value can vary.
program development cycle consists of the steps that occur during the creation of software.
Users and End Users are people who employ and benefit from computer programs.
Documentation consist of all the supporting paperwork for a program.
Algorithm is a sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.
IPO Chart is a program development tool that delineates input processing and output tasks.
TOE Chart is a program development tool that lists tasks, objects and events.
Desk-Checking is the process of walking through a program solutions on paper.
High-Level Programming Languages support English like syntax
Low-Level Language consists of 1 and 0's
Syntax Error is an error in language or grammar
Debugging is the process of finding and correcting program errors.
Conversion is the entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.
Maintenance consist of all the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.
Pseudocode is an English like representation of the logical steps a program needs to take to solve a problem.
Flowchart is a pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
Input Symbol indicates and inpute operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flow charts.
Processing Symbol indicates a processing operation and represented by a rectangle in flowcharts
Output Symbol indicates an output operation and is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
I/O Symbol is represented by a parallelogram in flowcharts.
Flowlines or arrows connect the steps in a flow chart.
Terminal Signal or start/stop symbol is used at each end of a flow chart. Its shape is a lozenge.
Loop is a repetition of a series of steps
Infinite Loop occurs when a repeating logic cannot end.
Making a decision is the act of testing a value.
Decision Symbol is shaped like a diamond and used to represent decisions in a flowchart.
Binary Decision is a yes/no decision with two possible outcomes.
Dummy Value is a pre-selected valuethat stops the execution of a program.
Sentinel Value is pre-selected value that stops the execution of a program.
EOF End of file
Text Editor is a program that you use to create a simple text files, it is similar to a word processor but without as many features.
IDE integrated development enviroment is a software package that proceds an editor, compiler and other programming tools.
Microsoft Visual Studio IDE is a software package that contains tools for creating programs in VB, C++, C#
Command Line is a location on your computer which you type entries to communicate with the computer's operating system.
Graphical User Interface GUI allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.
Procedural Programming is a programming model that focuses on the procedures that a program creates.
Object-Oriented Programming is programming model that focuses on objects or things and describes their features and their behaviors.
Created by: rebirtharmitage
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