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LOM ch 12
Respiratory System
Question | Answer | |
---|---|---|
adenoidectomy | removal of the adenoids | |
adenoid hypertrophy | excessive development (enlargement) of adenoids | |
adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils | |
alveolar | pertaining to the alveolus | |
alveolus; alveoli | air sac in the lung | |
anosmia | absence of the sense of smell | |
apex of the lung | Tip or the uppermost portion of the lung | |
apical | pertaining to (at) the apex | |
apnea | Stoppage of breathing | |
asphyxia | Decrease in the amount of oxygen and increase in amount of carbon dioxide in the blood leading to absence of pulse | |
atelectasis | incomplete expansion of the lung | |
base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung | |
bronchiectasis | Dilation of the bronchial tubes | |
bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. | |
bronchiolitis | Inflammation of the bronchioles | |
bronchodilator | a substance (chemical or drug) that widens bronchial tubes to make breathing easier | |
bronchospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of bronchial tubes | |
bronchus; bronchi | Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung | |
carbon dioxide | Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs | |
cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract | |
cyanosis | Condition of bluish coloration of skin caused by decreased oxygen in the blood | |
diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen; contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible | |
dysphonia | Difficult (abnormal) voice; hoarseness or any voice impairment | |
dyspnea | Difficulty breathing | |
empyema | Pus in the pleural cavity | |
epiglottis | lid-tike piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing | |
epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis | |
expectoration | expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm) | |
expiration | Breathing out (exhalation) | |
glottis | Slit-like opening to the larynx | |
hemoptysis | Spitting up blood | |
hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity; seen in pneumonia, tuberculosis, or carcinoma | |
hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. | |
hilar | pertaining to (at) the hilum | |
hypercapnia | Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood | |
hyperpnea | Increase in the depth of breathing | |
hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen (anoxia) due to decreased oxygen in the blood | |
inspiration | Breathing in (inhalation) | |
laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx | |
laryngospasm | Contraction of the muscles of the larynx | |
laryngitis | Inflammation of the voice box | |
larynx | Voice box; contains the vocal cords | |
lobectomy | removal of a portion of the lung | |
mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinum | |
mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity | |
nasogastric intubation | Tube placed from the nose into the stomach | |
orthopnea | Breathing discomfort in any position but trunk erect (sitting or standing straight) | |
oxygen | Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells | |
palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth) | |
paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose | |
parietal pleura | Outer fold of pleura (lying closer to the ribs and the chest wall) | |
pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat | |
pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx | |
phrenic nerve | Nerve that carries messages from the brain to the diaphragm | |
pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung | |
pleural cavity | Space between the folds of the pleura | |
pleurodynia | Pain associated with inflammation of irritation of pleura (or pain from intercostal muscles) | |
pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung | |
pneumothorax | Air within the pleural cavity (within the space between the folds) | |
pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs | |
pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli | |
pyothorax | Pus in the pleural cavity (within the space between the folds) | |
respiration | Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing | |
rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose | |
rhinorrhea | Discharge from the nose | |
sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses | |
spirometer | Instrument to measure breathing (the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs) | |
tachypnea | Increase in the rate of breathing; shallow respirations | |
thoracic | pertaining to the chest | |
thoracoscopy | Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope | |
thoracotomy | Incision of the chest | |
tonsillectomy | Removal of the tonsils | |
trachea | Windpipe | |
tracheal stenosis | Pertaining to narrowing of the trachea | |
tracheotomy | incision of the trachea | |
visceral pleura | the inner layer of the pleura (closer to the lung) | |
laryngectomy | surgical removal of the voice box | |
phrenic | pertaining to the diaphragm | |
hypoxemia | condition of decreased oxygen in the blood | |
Asbestosis | Type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos (insulating material used in shipbuilding, construction, past brake pads) | |
percussion | Sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest | |
auscultation | listening to sounds within the body, usually with a stethoscope | |
rales | Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli | |
rhonchi | Loud rumbling sounds heard on ascultation caused by bronchi obstructed by sputum | |
sputum | material that is expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract | |
pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other | |
stridor | strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx associated with CROUP | |
croup | acute viral infection with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough and stridor | |
epistaxis | nose bleed | |
diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium; the D in DPT | |
Pertusis | Whooping cough; the P in DPT | |
asthma | Bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing and cough | |
cystic fibrosis | Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally | |
emphysema | Hyperinflation of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls | |
pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis | |
PPD | skin test for TB | |
Endotracheal tube | Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway. | |
COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis | |
a- an- | no; not; without | |
dys- | ABNORMAL; DIFFICULT; bad; painful | |
em- | in | |
endo- | in; within | |
ex- | OUT; away from | |
hyper- | EXCESSIVE; above | |
hypo- | DEFICIENT; LESS THAN NORMAL; below, under | |
par- | ABNORMAL; other than | |
para- | NEAR; along the side of; beside; abnormal; apart from | |
re- | AGAIN; back; backward | |
-al | pertaining to | |
-ar | pertaining to | |
-ary | pertaining to | |
-ation | process; condition | |
-constriction | narrowing | |
-desis | BIND; tie together | |
-dilation | expanding; widening; stretching | |
-dynia | pain | |
-eal | pertaining to | |
-ectasis | EXPANSION; WIDENING; dilation; dilatation | |
-ectomy | removal; excision; resection | |
-ema | condition | |
-emia | blood condition | |
-ia | condition | |
-ic | pertaining to | |
-itis | inflammation | |
-lytic | reducing; breakdown; destroying; separating | |
-meter | measure | |
-osis | condition, usually abnormal | |
-osmia | smell | |
-plasty | surgical repair | |
-pnea | breathing | |
-ptysis | spitting | |
-rrhea | discharge; flow | |
-scopy | visual examination | |
-spasm | sudden contraction of muscle | |
-sphyxia | pulse | |
-stenosis | tightening; stricture | |
-thorax | pleural cavity; chest | |
-tomy | incision | |
-trophy | nourishment; development (condition of) | |
-um | tissue; structure; thing | |
aden/o | gland | |
adenoid/o | adenoids | |
alveol/o | alveolus; air sac | |
anthrac/o | coal dust | |
asbest/o | asbestos (material used for insulating: shipbuilding, construction, brake pads of the past) | |
atel/o | incomplete | |
bronch/o | bronchial tube | |
bronchi/o | bronchus | |
bronchiol/o | bronchiole; small bronchus | |
capn/o | carbon dioxide | |
coni/o | dust | |
cyan/o | blue | |
epiglott/o | epiglottis (lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx) | |
fibros/o | fibrous connective tissue | |
gastr/o | stomach | |
hem/o | blood | |
hydr/o | water | |
laryng/o | larynx (voice box) | |
lob/o | lobe | |
mediastin/o | mediastinum (middle region in chest cavity) | |
muc/o | mucus | |
nas/o | nose | |
noct/o | night | |
or/o | mouth | |
orth/o | straight | |
ox/o | oxygen | |
oxysm/o | sudden | |
pector/o | chest | |
pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) | |
phon/o | voice; sound | |
phren/o | diaphragm (motor nerve to diaphragm); (when related to psychology phren/o = mind) | |
pleuro/o | pleura (double folded membrane that covers each lung) | |
pneum/o | lung; air; gas | |
pneumon/o | lung; air; gas | |
pulmon/o | lung | |
purul/o | pus | |
py/o | pus | |
rhin/o | nose | |
silic/o | glass; rocks (the dust created from grinding) | |
sinus/o | sinus (a cavity) | |
spir/o | to breathe | |
tel/o | complete | |
thorac/o | chest | |
tom/o | to cut (as used in tomogram, images are shown as slices at different depths) | |
tonsill/o | tonsils | |
trache/o | trachea (windpipe) | |
viscer/o | internal organs |