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management ch.14
exam 4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Leadership | the process of influencing others to achieve group or organizational goals |
Trait theory | a leadership theory that holds that effective leaders posses a similar set of traits or characteristics |
Traits | relatively stable characteristics, such as abilities, psychological motives, and consistent patterns of behaviors |
Initiating structure | the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks |
Consideration | the extent to which a leader is friendly, approachable, and supportive and shows concern for employees |
Contingency theory | a leadership theory that states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style |
Situational favorableness | the degree to which a particular situation either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members |
Leader-member relations | the degree to which followers respect, trust, and like their leaders |
Task structure | the degree to which the requirements of a subordinate's tasks are clearly specified |
Position power | the degree to which leaders are able to hire, fire, reward, and punish workers |
Path-goal theory | a leadership theory that states that leaders can increase subordiante satisfaction and performance by clarifying and clearing the paths to goals and by increasing the number and kinds of rewards available for goal attainment |
Directive leadership | a leadership style in which the leader lets employees know precisely what is expected of them, gives them specific guidelines for performing tasks, schedules work, sets standards of performance, & makes sure that people follow standard rules & regulations |
Supportive leadership | a leadership style in which the leader is friendly and approachable, shows concern for employees and their welfare, treats them as equals, and creates a friendly climate |
Participate leadership | a leadership style in which the leader consults emmployees for their suggestions and input before making decisions |
Achievement-oriented leadership | a leadership style in which the leader sets challenging goals, has high expectations of employees, and displays confidence that employees will assume responsibility and put forth extraordinary effort |
Normative decision theory | a theory that suggests how leaders can determine an appropriate amount of employees participation when making decisions |
Strategic leadership | the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, think strategically, and work with others to initate changes that will create a positive future for an organization |
Visionary leaderhsip | leadership that creates a positive image of the future that motivates organizational members and provides direction for future planning and goal setting |
Charismatic leadership | the behavioral tendencies and personal characteristics of leaders that create an exceptionally strong relationship between them and their followers |
Ethical charismatics | charismatic leaders who provide developmental opportunites for followers, are open to positive & negative feedback, rocognize others' contributions, share info, & have moral stand. that emphazise the larger interests of the group, organization, or society |
Unethical Charismatics | charismatic leaders who control & manipulate followers, do what is best for themselves instead of their org, want to hear only pos. feedback, share only info that is benef. to themselves, & have moral stand. that put their interests before everyone else's |
Transformational leadership | leaderhip that generates awareness and acceptance of a group's purpose and mission and gets employees to see behond their own needs and self-interests for the good of the group |
Transactional leadership | leadership based on an exchange process, in which followers are rewarded for good performance and punished for poor performance |