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pharmacology. II
Basic Pharmacology for Nurses
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology | deals with the study of drugs and their actions on living organisms. |
| Therapeutic Methods | Drug Therapy, Diet Therapy, Physiotherapy, Psychological Therapy |
| Drugs | are chemical substance that have an effect on living organisms. |
| Therapeutic Drugs | often called medicine |
| pharmacokinetics | is the study of the study of the mathematical relationship among the absorption, distribution, metablism, and excretion of medication |
| pharmacodynamics | the study of druf interactions including the drug receptors and the series of events that culminates in a pharmacologic response |
| clinical research and stage | the testing the new drug in humans take place. |
| receptors | sites on the cells where chemical bonding of drugs occurs |
| agonist | drugs that stimulates a response |
| antagonist | attach to receptors but do NOT stimulate a response |
| partial antagonist | drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response and concurrently inhibit other responses |
| ADME | the four stages of the drug processing: absorption, distribution, metaboliism, and excretion |
| percutaneous | drug administration is done via inhalation, sublingual, or topical |
| parenteral | im,iv, sub cu, |
| enteralra | GI tract |
| Distribution | the way the drugs are transported by the circulating body fluid |
| drug blood level | measures the amount of drug present in the blood to determine if it is within the therapeutic range, below range is sub therapeutic or above range is toxic. |
| oral medication can not be given if | vomitting, no gag reflex, difficulty swallowing, commatose |
| buccal site | between the cheek and gums. cannot drink |
| sublingual | under the toungue. cannot drink or eat while the drug is in place |
| meniscus | liquids, suspensions, and elixirs; the line when you measure liquids in cup. lowest level |
| FDA | U.S Food and Drug Administration. list the official name for the U.S. |
| United States Pharmacopeiia (USP)/ formulary (NF) | ensures the quality of the medicines and other health care technologies. the pureness and potency of drugs are checked her |
| american Drug Index | an index of all medicines available in the U.S. drugs are listed alphabetlically by generic name and brand name |
| American hospital Formulary Service, Drug Information | contains monographs on virtually every drug available in the U>S |
| Martindale-the Complete Drug Reference | published by pharmaceutical press and has information about drugs in used throuughout the world. |
| schedule I | a high potential for abuse not curretly accepted for medical use in the US lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision |
| schedule II | high potential for abuse currently accepted medical use in the US an abuse potential that may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence |
| schedule III | a high potential for abuse, but less so that drugs schedules I and II a currently accepted medical use in the united states an abuse potential that may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence |
| schedule IV | a low potentialfor abuse, compared with those in schedule III a currently accepted medical use in the US and abuse potential that may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence, compared with drugs in schedule III |
| schedule V | a low potential for abuse, compared with those in schedule IV a currently accepted medical use in the U.S an abuse potential of limited physical or psychological dependence liability, compared with drugs in schedule IV. because abuse potental iis low, a |
| preclinical research and development stage | phase of a new development begins with discovery, synthesis, and purification of the drug. testing in animals occur her |
| clinical research and development stage | the testing in humans stage. is divided in 3 phases. |
| drug use in pregnancy Category A | adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown an increased risk of fetal abnormallities. animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus; however, there are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. |
| Drug use in pregnancy Cat. B | animal animal studies have revealede no evidence of harm to fetus, but adequate and well-controlled studies in prgnant women have failed to demostrate a risk tetus |
| Drug use in pregnancy Cat. C | animal atudies have shown an adverse effect, and there are noadequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women |
| drug use in pregnancy Cat. D | studies, adequate, well-controlled, or observational, in pregnant women have demostrated a risk to the fetus. however, the benefits of therapy may outweight the potential risk |
| drug use in pregnancy. Cat X | studies, adequate, well-controlled, or observational, in animals or pregnant women have demostrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. the use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant |
| allergic reaction | is also know hypersensitivity |
| idiosyncratic reaction | occurs when something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is first administered |
| carcinogenicity | the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become and cancerous. |
| teratogen | a drug that induces drug defects. |
| sinergistic effect | the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the effect of each drug given alone. |
| antagonistic effect | one drug interferes with the action of another |
| additive effect | two drugs with similar actions are taken for a doubles effect |
| genetics | is the study of how living organisms inherit the cheracteristics or traits of their ancestors, such as hair color, eye color, or skin pigmentation |
Created by:
joana88
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