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molecules
Question | Answer |
---|---|
alcohols | All have OH groups attached to one or more carbons in a chain. The functional group for alcohols is OH |
important alcohols | Ethyl alcohol: alcoholic beverages glycerol: glycerin, cosmetics |
organic chemistry | chemistry of atoms containing carbon |
macromolecules | large, sometimes complex structures that may contain hundreds of atoms four major groups: - carbohydrates - lipids - proteins - nucleic acids |
carbohydrates | groups of carbon & oxygen atoms – they may be simple and relatively small or large and complex - monosaccharides - disaccharides - polysaccharides |
lipids | also consisting of carbon and oxygen atoms but usually consisting of long chains of atoms (hydrophobic) - oils, waxes, other fats |
carboxyl (-COOH) | fatty acids, amino acids |
hydroxyl (-OH) | alcohols, carbohydrates |
Amino (NH2) | amino acids |
Phosphate (-PO4) | DNA, ATP |
simple sugars | monosaccharide such as glucose. THE food molecules of cells |
Disaccharides | two monosaccharides. |
polysaccharides | Many monosaccharides. |
types of carbohydrates | - starch (potato) - glycogen (liver) - cellulose (algae) - chitin (tick) |
monosaccharides | Simplest, most sweet tasting, water soluble. 5 or 6 carbons - fructose - glucose: energy source - ribose -deoxyribose |
sucrose (C12H22O11) | disaccharide. energy source. |
polysaccharides | - glycogen - starch -cellulose - chitin |