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PHS 8

Chapter 8 Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

QuestionAnswer
earthquake The vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy.
focus The point within Earth where an earthquake originates ( where the rock breaks)
seismic waves Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
epicenter The location on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake
elastic rebound Tendency for deformed rock along a fault to spring back to its original shape after an earthquake.
aftershock a small earthquake that follows the main earthquake.
liquefaction a phenomenon, sometimes associated with earthquakes, in which soils and other unconsolidated materials saturated with water are turned into a liquid that is not able to support buildings.
tsunami The Japanese word for a seismic sea wave
seismic gap An Area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity for a long period of time.
P wave Primary wave; earthquake wave that pushes and pulls rocks in the direction of the wave; also known as a compression wave - classified as a body wave because it travels within Earth's interior
S wave Secondary wave; a seismic wave that shakes particles perpendicular to the direction the wave is traveling. - classified as a body wave because it travels within Earth's interior
surface wave a seismic wave that travels along the surface of the Earth
seismograph an instrument that records earthquake waves
moment magnitude A more precise measure of earthquake magnitude than the Richter scale, which is derived from the amount of displacement that occurs along a fault zone and estimates the energy released by an earthquake.
crust The thin, rocky outer layer of Earth
mantle The 2890-kilometer thick layer of Earth located below the crust
lithosphere The rigid outer layer of Earth including the crust and upper mantle
asthenosphere a weak plastic layer of the mantle situated below the lithosphere; the rock within this zonne is easily deformed
outer core A layer beneath the mantle about 2260 kilometers thick; the outer core contains liquid iron and generates Earth's magnetic field.
inner core The solid innermost layer of Earth, about 1220 kilometers in radius
Moho It is the boundary separating the crust from the mantle.
Created by: melaniebird
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