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HCT A&P 2
Holden 2007 A&P chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | structure of matter, composition of substances, thier properties and chemical reactions |
| Biochemistry | chemical reaction of living things |
| Matter | anything with weight that occupies space |
| Energy | ability to do work or put materials in motion |
| Potential energy | stored energy |
| Kinetic energy | work, resulting in motion |
| Atom | smallest piece of an element |
| Subatomic particles | parts of an atom |
| Protons | positive charge |
| Electrons | negative charge |
| Neutrons | no charge |
| Nucleus of an atom consists of | protons and neutrons |
| Number of protons of an atom equals | the number of electrons of an atom |
| Number of electrons | can change |
| Elements | combined atoms that are alike |
| Ca | Calcium |
| C | Carbon |
| Cl | Chlorine |
| H | Hydrogen |
| O | Oxygen |
| K | Potassium |
| S | Sulfur |
| Na | Sodium |
| N | Nitrogen |
| Fe | Iron |
| I | Iodine |
| P | Phosporus |
| Zn | Zink |
| Compounds | Elements combined in different proportions by weight |
| Organic compounds | contain carbon and are found in living things |
| Smallest units of compounds that retain it's properties and remain stable | Molecules |
| What do electrolytes do? | Help keep patients in Homeostasis |
| Homeostasis | balance |
| What is the most important thing to remember? | Safety |
| Ion | Charged particle |
| K+, Cl-, Na+, H+ | Ions, (+ & - would be in upper corner) |
| Positively and negatively charged atoms | Ions |
| Electrolytes | atoms that have more electrons than protons; creating a negative charge |
| Responsible for acidity or alkilinity of soltions are | Electrolytes |
| Can conduct an electrical charge | Electrolytes |
| All compounds are | either organic or inorganic |
| Inorganic compounds | made of molecules that do not contain carbon, except CO2 and CaCO2 |
| What is the most important inorganic compound | water |
| CH | organic |
| Organic compounds | always contain carbon, (C) combined with hydrogen, (H) and oxygen, (O) |
| How many groups of organic compounds are there? | 4 |
| What are the four groups of organic compounds? | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids |
| All carbohydrates are compounds of what? | CHO |
| How many groups of carbohydrates are there? | 3 |
| Monosaccharides, Disaccharides & Polysaccharides are what? | carbohydrates |
| Monosaccharides | carbohydrate, one sugar, sugars that can not be broken down any further, simple or single sugars |
| Glycogen | polysaccharide carbohydrate, stored in liver and muscle cells for energy |
| Glucose | Monosaccharide carbohydrate, main source of energy in cells |
| Fructose | Monosaccharide carbohydrate |
| Galactose | Monosaccharide carbohydrate |
| Ribose | Monosaccharide carbohydrate found in RNA |
| Deoxyribose | Monosaccharide carbohydrate found in DNA |
| Disaccharides | carbohydrate, formed from two monosaccharides, known as double sugar. |
| Sucrose | Disaccharide, table sugar |
| Maltose | Disaccharide carbohydrate, malt sugar |
| Lactose | Disaccharide carbohydrate, milk sugar |
| Hydrolysis | Digestion |
| Disaccharides must.... | be broken down by hydroloysis to monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharides | large comples molecules of hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules bonded together in one long chainlike molecule |
| Types of polysaccharides | Starch found in grain products and root vegtables, cellulose, glycogen |
| Lipids | Contain CHO, but have less ogygen then hydrogen |
| Fats, phospholipids, steroids | types of lipids |
| Lipids are...... | essential to health, are important source of stored energy and help to insulate our bodies |
| Characteristics of lipids | fats consist of glycerol and fatty acids |
| Triglycerides | fats, (tri=3), three fats |
| Most abundant organic compound in the body | lipids |
| phospholipids | contain CHO and P, may be found in cell membranes, the brain and nervous tissue |
| Steroids | lipids containing cholesterol |
| Essential in the structure of the semipermeable membnrane of the cell | Cholesterol |
| Manufacture Vidamin D | cholesterol |
| Produces male and female hormones | cholesterol |
| Creates cortisol | Steroids |
| Proteins | Organic compound containing CHO & N. sometimes P and S |
| Most diverse and essential of the organic compounds found in living things | Protein |
| Found in every part of a living cell | Protein |
| Outer coat of all viruses | Protein |
| Amino acids make up what organic compound | Protein |
| How many different kinds of amino acids are there | 22 |
| How many essential amino acids are there | 9 |
| What makes an essential amino acid essential | can not be manufactured by the body |
| Enzymes | specialized protein molecules that help control chemical reactions in a cell |
| Organic catalyst | speeds the reaction of something without changing themselves |
| What are organic catalysts made of | enzymes |
| Enzymes usually end in | -ase |
| What food source contains all 9 essential enzymes | animal protein |
| A complete protein contains | all 9 essential enzymes |
| Largest known organic molecule | Nucleic acids |
| Thousands of repeating subunits of nucleotides | Nucleic acids |
| Two major types of nucleic acids | RNA, DNA |
| Involved in the process of heredity, is a double stranded helix | DNA |
| How many types of RNA | 3 |
| Messenger RNA | m-RNA - carries instruction for protein synthesis |
| Transfer RNA | t-RNA - picks pu amino acids molecules in cytoplasm and transfers them to ribosomes to combine to form proteins |
| Ribosome RNA | r-RNA - helps in the attachment of m-RNA to ribosome |
| Substances that yeild hydrogens in solutions | Acids |
| Acids | substances that yield hydrogens in solution |
| H- | Base |
| H+ | Acid |
| H alone in solution | neutral |
| Substances that ionize into negatively charged hydroxide ions and positively charged inons of metal when disolved in water | Bases |
| pH of human blood | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| pH of human tears | 7.3 |
| Buffers | help a living organism to maintain a constant pH value |
| Forms when acids and bases are combined | Salt and water |
| pH is | measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution |
| pH of acidic solution | 1 - 6.9 |
| pH of alkaline (basic) solution | 7.1 - 14 |
| Homeostasis | balance |
| Almost always neutral | living cells and the fluids they produce |
| Intra and extracellular fluid must | maintain the proper chemical balance for the cell to function |
| A state of homeostasis is necessary | for the body to function at an optimal level of helth |
| Moderate dysfunction | causes illness |
| Severe dysfunction | causes death |
Created by:
seang