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Pharm - CNS/insulin
Insulin, Analgesic, Hypnotic/Sedative
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Humalog | Rapid acting insulin |
| Rapid Acting Insulin: Onset, Peak, Duration | Onset - 15 minutes Peak 1-2 hours Duration 3-5 hours |
| Regular Insulin: Onset, Peak, Duration | Onset - 30-60 minutes Peak - 2.5 hr Duration - 6 - 10 hrs |
| Regular Insulin is the only insulin that can be given | IV |
| Humumlin, N-Lente | Intermediate Insulin |
| Intermediate Insulin | Onset - 1-2 hr Peak - 4-8 hr Duration - 10-18 hr |
| Why is Intermediate and Long-Acting Insulin couldy | Because it has a precipitate (usually Zinc) |
| Long Acting Insulin - Onset, Peak Duration | Onset - 4-8 hrs Peak - 10-30 hrs Duration - 36 hrs |
| Protamine-zinc or Ultralente | Long acting insulin |
| Nursing Implications for Insulin pts | Check expiration date, store in cool place, cloudy suspensions need to be rolled, use an insulin syringe, rotate sites and document sites, usually administered before breakfast, use a sliding scale if directed to, hold if NPO, must be checked by 2 RNs |
| Check for insulin reaction when? | At the peak of the insulin |
| How many units of insulin equals 1mg? | 100 |
| Signs/Symptoms of hypoglycemic reaction | Occurs rapidly, hunger, irritability, sweaty, muscle weakness |
| To treat hypoglycemia, give client what? | Simple carb or Glucagon Tab. In an acute care center, 20-50ml of 50% glucose IV |
| Causes of a hypoglycemic reaction | Too much insulin given, exercise or deficit of carbs |
| Hgl A1C | Hemoglobin A1C tests sugar over past 3 months |
| Serum Glucose Level | Fasting glucose level |
| Post Prandial Test | pregnancy screening test |
| Glucose Tolerance Test | 3 hr test measuring fasting sugar and then eat and remeasure |
| Signs and Symptoms of a hyperglycemic reaction | fruity odor to breath, infection, signs of dehydration, thirst, dry skin, flushed face, Kussmall's resprs (deep and fast) |
| How do most Type 1 Diabetics get diagnosed? | Diabetic Ketoacidosis/Coma |
| Possible causes of a hyperglycemic reaction | Dietary excess, too little insulin, decreased exercise/activity, emotional stress |
| Describe the general action of oral hypoglycemic drugs | stimulate beta cells of pancreas to produce more insulin |
| Differentiate between actions of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin | Oral drugs stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin; Insulin injections are replacement therapy. |
| Diabetes | complex disorder of carb, fat and protein metabolism caused by a decrease in insulin. |
| pain | unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential pain |
| Pain Threshold | Physiological response; level of stimulus needed to produce perception of pain |
| Pain Tolerance | Emotional response; Amount of pain a person can endure without interfering with normal function |
| Identify most commonly ordered analgesics | Morphine, Demerol, Codeine |
| Morphine and Demerol | Acute pain, decrease GI activity, decreased resprs |
| Codeine | Antitussive, used for moderate pain |
| Nursing implications for pts using analgesics | Addiction, rash, histamine cough, GI upsets, N/V, urinary retention, orthostatic hypotension, resprs depressed |
| Acetominiphen | Tylenol; antipyretic,anti-inflammatory |
| Tramadol | mild analgesic, alters pain perception, mod-mod/severe pain. |
| Ibuprofen | Motrin; relieves pain, HA, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory |
| Acetylsalicylic Acid | Aspirin; can cause Rhye syndrome in children, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory |
| Sedative | calms |
| Hypnotic | Sleep |
| Too much of a sedative can cause what? | the sedative to act as a hypnotic |
| Barbituates | habit forming, narrow therapeutic window |
| Benzodiazepines | Dalmane; more commonly used than barbituates, safer |
| Phenobarbital | long acting barbituate used to treat seizures |
Created by:
lmmerecki
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